2025 BP/AP DNA

karyotype

A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs

codons

three nucleotides of DNA that specify a particular amino acid or termination signal

protein synthesis

the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA

amino acid

building blocks of protein

protein

macro molecules that build and carry out life functions in organisms

differentiation

when cells become specialized in structure and function

stem cell

undifferentiated cell that can develop into many types of differentiated cells under the right conditions

number of chromosomes in human gamete cells

23

gamete

male or female reproductive cell containing a 1/2 set of DNA

DNA

molecule that contains the instructions for an organism

gene

section of DNA that codes for a certain instruction

number of chromosomes in human body cells

46

genome

complete set of DNA in an organism

nucleotide

base unit of DNA

mutation

a change in the order of DNA nucleotides

chromosome

tightly wound package of DNA in the nucleus

nucleotide pairs

AT, CG

sexual reproduction

two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism that is different from both parents

asexual reproduction

one parent clones itself and produces identical offspring