APUSH Unit 5 Part 2

New York City Draft Riot

carried out by poor, mostly Irish-Americans; attacked blacks and rich whites in response to Conscription Act of 1863; 117 killed

Richmond Bread Riot

carried out by southern females for food as Confederate supplies ran low in the Civil War

Fort Sumter

attack on this started the Civil War in 1861

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general whose tactical abilities won numerous battles for South early in the war

Ulysses S. Grant

Union general whose strategy of attrition won the war

Gettysburg

Union victory in Pennsylvania that crippled the South's offensive capabilities

March to the Sea

Union General William Sherman's campaign that sought to break southern morale; destroyed everything in its path from Chattanooga to Savannah (including Atlanta)

contraband

property seized from the enemy; slaves were considered this prior to Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln’s declaration of 1862 that freed all slaves in those states that were in rebellion (but not those in the border states)

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

example of how African-Americans flocked to Union Army after the Emancipation Proclamation

Andrew Johnson

took over presidency upon Lincoln's assassination

13th Amendment

abolished slavery permanently

14th Amendment

among other things, it obligated states to respect rights of citizens by providing “equal protection of the laws” and “due process”

15th Amendment

Prohibited any state from denying a citizen’s right to vote based upon “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”

Freedmen's Bureau

Welfare agency for those made destitute in war (mainly freed slaves and homeless whites); increased African-American literacy

Black Codes

various laws in South after Civil War that denied blacks their civil rights

Hirem Revels

1st black senator; from Mississippi

scalawags

term used for southern Republicans

carpetbaggers

terms used for northern Republicans who came south during Reconstruction

Compromise of 1877

officially ended Reconstruction; resulted in removal of Union troops from South

sharecropping

southern economic system in which landlord (white) provided seed and tools while poor farmer (black) gave landlord 50% of harvest (typically) as rent

crop lien

paying for supplies with part of what you grow

Ku Klux Klan

main group that implemented violence to prevent blacks from voting

Mississippi Plan

southern plan to fight Reconstruction by intimidating blacks and white Republicans