TEST 2 SET 4: AUTHORS, PLACES, MONUMENTS, QUOTES

Who was Lucretius?

Roman poet who wrote De Rerum Natura, explaining Epicurean philosophy.

What is De Rerum Natura about?

Nature of the universe; promotes Epicureanism and rejection of fear (especially of death).

Who was Epicurus?

Founder of Epicureanism (pleasure = absence of pain).

Who was Catullus?

Poet known for emotional, personal, and love poetry.

What themes does Catullus focus on?

Love, betrayal, identity, personal emotion.

Who was Callimachus?

Greek poet who influenced Roman literary style (short, refined works).

Who was Virgil?

Author of the Aeneid, Rome’s national epic.

What is the Aeneid about?

Aeneas’ journey and the founding myth of Rome.

What is the main theme of the Aeneid?

Pietas (duty to gods, family, and Rome).

Who is Aeneas?

Trojan hero and ancestor of Romans.

Who is Dido?

Queen of Carthage; tragic love story with Aeneas.

Who was Horace?

Poet of the Augustan age; wrote Odes and Secular Hymn.

What are Horace’s Odes about?

Balance, moderation, enjoying life (carpe diem).

What is the Secular Hymn?

Poem celebrating Augustus’ religious and political renewal.

Who was Propertius?

Elegiac poet focused on love and resistance to traditional values.

What is elegy (in Propertius’ work)?

Poetry about love and personal relationships.

Who was Ovid?

Poet known for love poetry and mythology.

What is Metamorphoses about?

Myths of transformation.

What is Ars Amatoria?

A guide to love and seduction.

Who are Echo and Narcissus?

Myth about self-love and unrequited love.

Who was Livy?

Historian who wrote Rome’s history from its founding.

What is Livy’s style?

Annals (year-by-year history).

Who was Sallust?

Historian focused on moral decline.

What did Sallust write?

Catiline’s War and Jugurthine War.

What is the Rubicon River?

Boundary Caesar crossed to start civil war.

What happened at Pharsalus?

Caesar defeated Pompey.

Where is Dyrrhachium?

Battle where Pompey temporarily checked Caesar.

What happened at Zela?

Caesar’s quick victory (“veni, vidi, vici”).

What happened at Thapsus?

Caesar defeated remaining Pompeian forces.

What happened at Munda?

Final victory of Caesar in civil war.

What happened at Mutina?

Early conflict between Antony and Senate forces.

What happened at Philippi?

Brutus and Cassius defeated.

What happened at Perugia?

Conflict involving Octavian consolidating power.

What is Illyricum?

Region Caesar governed; important military zone.

What is Parthia?

Eastern empire; Crassus died there.

What is the Forum of Julius Caesar?

Public space promoting Caesar’s legacy.

What is the Temple of Venus Genetrix?

Links Caesar to divine ancestry (Venus).

What is the Forum of Augustus?

Symbol of Augustus’ authority and order.

What is the Temple of Mars Ultor?

Temple of “Mars the Avenger”; revenge for Caesar.

What is the Ara Pacis?

Altar celebrating Pax Augusta (peace under Augustus).

What does Augustan architecture represent?

Power, peace, and divine legitimacy.

What is the Pantheon associated with?

Roman religion and later rebuilding under emperors.

What is the Temple of Palatine Apollo?

Symbol of Augustus’ religious authority.

What do Augustan monuments emphasize?

Stability after chaos.

What does Roman Statutes 7 emphasize?

Law = will of the people over magistrates.

What does Sallust emphasize in his histories?

Moral decline and corruption.

What does Cicero emphasize in speeches?

Defense of the Republic and order.

What does Virgil emphasize in the Aeneid?

Duty and destiny of Rome.

What does Ovid emphasize?

Love, transformation, and individuality.

What is the key idea of Augustus’ Res Gestae (Deeds)?

He restored the Republic (propaganda claim).