Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease

These flashcards cover various aspects of ocular manifestations of systemic diseases in horses, focusing on symptoms, conditions, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options.

What are common hematologic abnormalities associated with systemic diseases?

Anemia, Polycythemia, and Thrombocytopenia.

What does icterus indicate in veterinary medicine?

Chronic liver disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and various infections.

List clinical signs of Horner’s syndrome.

Ptosis, sweating, increased cutaneous temperature, enophthalmos, miosis, elevated third eyelid, and vasodilation of conjunctival vessels.

What is the main diagnostic approach for Horner’s syndrome?

Complete physical exam and ophthalmic exam.

What causes Horner's syndrome in horses?

Sympathetic paralysis or denervation of the head, usually due to trauma.

What is PPID in horses?

Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction, often referred to as Equine Cushing’s.

What are ocular manifestations of PPID?

Conjunctivitis, blindness, and impaired healing.

What causes Equine Motor Neuron Disease?

Deficiency in Vitamin E and reduced access to pasture.

What ocular lesions are associated with lymphoma in horses?

Ocular lesions in 27% of cases affecting lids, conjunctiva, third eyelid, and orbit.

What are common ocular signs in septicemia in foals?

Conjunctivitis and uveitis.

What are the early signs of Rhodococcus equi infection in foals?

Subtle signs, chronic bronchopneumonia, and abdominal abscesses.

How is salmonellosis diagnosed in horses?

Through fecal culture.

Which infectious agent causes 'Strangles' in horses?

Streptococcus equi.

What are the ocular signs associated with Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?

Blindness, nystagmus, ptosis, and head tilt.

What does Leptospirosis induce in horses?

Recurrent uveitis.

What are common clinical signs of an eye affected by Habronemiasis?

Yellow raised lesions referred to as sulfur granules.

Name a condition that is treated via debridement and deworming.

Habronemiasis.

What are common immune-mediated diseases that affect the eyes?

Systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus, and pemphigus.

What systemic disease produced by Leptospira can lead to uveitis?

Leptospirosis.

What is a severe consequence of untreated corneal ulcers in horses?

Globe rupture.

What is a common ocular sign in horses diagnosed with septicemia?

Uveitis.

What treatment is commonly used for ocular infection due to Pseudomonas?

Topical medication including serum, cefazolin, and tobramycin.

What are the signs of a corneal stromal ulcer?

Corneal edema, miosis, and blepharospasm.

What are the ocular outcomes of a foal diagnosed with salmonellosis?

Uveitis resolved with topical therapy.

What is an important practice when treating ocular issues in foals?

Daily ophthalmic exams.

What clinical signs might indicate systemic disease in an otherwise normal foal?

Diarrhea and ocular discharge.

What imaging techniques might be used in diagnosing a young foal with ocular disease?

Thoracic/abdominal ultrasound.

What is a significant complication of pituitary disorders in horses?

Increased susceptibility to infection.

What is the role of body condition in ocular health in horses?

Horses with poor body condition may show more severe ocular problems.

What is the approximate mortality rate of Rhodococcus equi infection in foals?

5-15%.

What are ocular signs indicative of systemic diseases in horses?

Uveitis, conjunctivitis, and cataracts.

What differentiates Equine Motor Neuron Disease from other conditions?

It primarily causes neurologic and muscular dysfunction with muscle wasting.

Name an ocular sign that may indicate EPM in horses.

Facial paralysis.

What term describes the slight yellow appearance of conjunctival lesions in Habronemiasis?

Sulfur granules.

How is the prognosis generally viewed for lymphoma with ocular involvement in horses?

Poor prognosis.

What is a tactical approach in treating facial nerve issues in horses?

Supportive care including anti-inflammatory medications.

What is a common systemic effect of corneal disease progression in equine patients?

Colic signs in hospitalized cases.

What are two essential considerations when monitoring horses for systemic disease?

Daily fecal output and water intake.

What is critical in the management of equine ocular diseases?

Prompt diagnosis and treatment.

What are the systemic clinical signs associated with Rhodococcus\ equi in foals?

Chronic bronchopneumonia and abdominal abscesses.

What are common clinical signs of equine septicemia in foals?

Diarrhea, ocular discharge, uveitis, and conjunctivitis.

What are the characteristic ocular clinical signs of Horner’s syndrome?

Ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos, and elevation of the third eyelid.

Identify the clinical signs of a corneal stromal ulcer.

Corneal edema, miosis, and blepharospasm.

What clinical signs are specifically associated with Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?

Blindness, nystagmus, ptosis, head tilt, and facial paralysis.

What is the recommended treatment for ocular Habronemiasis?

Surgical debridement and systemic or local deworming (anthelmintics).

How is a Pseudomonas-induced ocular infection treated in horses?

Intensive topical medications including serum, cefazolin, and tobramycin.

What is the treatment approach for uveitis secondary to salmonellosis in foals?

Topical ophthalmic therapy combined with systemic treatment of the primary infection.

What treatment is used for managing facial nerve paralysis or issues in horses?

Supportive care and the administration of anti-inflammatory medications.

How are immune-mediated diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus treated?

Management typically involves systemic or topical immunosuppressive therapy.