AP Psychology 4.1-4.3

Attribution theory is primarily concerned with:

How people assign causes to behaviors

Which of the following is an example of a dispositional attribution?

Believing a student failed a test due to lack of effort

A person with an optimistic explanatory style is more likely to:

See setbacks as temporary and specific

Which of the following best describes self-serving bias?

Attributing success to personal factors and failure to external factors

Someone with an internal locus of control believes that:

Their own actions determine their successes and failures

How does an external locus of control impact motivation?

It can reduce motivation because people feel powerless over outcomes

Person perception refers to:

The way we form impressions of others

The mere exposure effect suggests that:

People tend to like things more as they become familiar with them

The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when:

A belief or expectation leads to its own fulfillment

Upward social comparison occurs when:

A person compares themselves to someone they perceive as superior

Relative deprivation can lead to:

A sense of unfairness and frustration

Stereotypes primarily function to:

Reduce cognitive load by simplifying social information

Ingroup bias leads individuals to:

View their own group more favorably than others

The just-world phenomenon is best described as:

The tendency to believe the world is fair and people get what they deserve

Cognitive dissonance occurs when:

A person holds conflicting thoughts or beliefs

How can cognitive dissonance be reduced?

By changing either beliefs or behaviors to match each other

Normative social influence occurs when individuals conform to:

Gain social approval or avoid disapproval

The foot-in-the-door technique involves:

Asking for a small commitment first, then escalating to a larger one

Groupthink is most likely to occur when:

A group values harmony over critical thinking

The bystander effect suggests that people are less likely to help in emergencies when:

More people are present

Which of the following best describes the social responsibility norm?

People feel obligated to help those in need

Individualist cultures emphasize:

Personal achievement and independence

Multiculturalism promotes:

The recognition and appreciation of multiple cultural identities

Industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology focuses on:

Improving workplace efficiency and satisfaction

Burnout in the workplace is characterized by:

Emotional exhaustion and reduced motivation

The diffusion of responsibility is a key explanation for which social phenomenon?

The bystander effect

What is the primary goal of persuasion?

To change attitudes or behaviors

Social traps occur when:

Individuals act in ways that harm the group in the long run

The halo effect occurs when:

People assume one positive trait means someone has other positive traits

According to this bias, we are more likely to attribute our behavior to external circumstances. However, when explaining the behavior of others, we are more likely to blame their character.

Actor-observer bias