CGP - REVIEWER - MIDTERMS

Coordinate system

Is defined by an origin point and the orientation and scale of a set of coordinate axes.

Point

(x,y) refers to a location in space, specified relative to a coordinate system.

Vector

(m,n) refers to a displacement an amount of change in each coordinate-and is typically drawn as an arrow pointing along the direction of displacement.

Initial point or tail

The point where the arrow begins.

Terminal point or head

The point where the arrow ends; indicates the result when the displacement has been applied to the initial point.

Length or magnitude

The distance between the initial and terminal points of the vector.

Standard position

A vector whose initial point is located at the origin (when a coordinate system is specified).

Scalars

Individual numbers (that are not part of a point or vector) are often called?

Matrix

A rectangular array of values called elements that are typically accessed by means of subscripts.

Identity matrix

Contains all zeros, with ones along the diagonal.

Transpose of a matrix

Is computed by interchanging its rows and columns.

Scalar multiplication

You can multiply a scalar by each element of the matrix using the dot operator.

Geometric transformation

Refers to a change applied to an object in terms of size, orientation, or position.

Scaling

The object's dimensions are either expanded or compressed to change its size.

Translation

The object is moved to another position or location on the screen.

Rotation

The object is moved around a fixed point at a given angle.

Scaling factor

Is used to determine whether the size of an object will be increased or reduced.

Translation vector

Also called a shift vector, defines the distance to move an object's coordinate.

Perspective projection

The shape of the viewable region is called a frustum or truncated pyramid.

Near and far distances

Refer to distances from the viewer (along the z-axis).

Angle of view

Measures how much of the scene is visible to the viewer.

Aspect ratio

Used to specify the shape of the frustum, which depicts the frustum as viewed from the front (along the negative z-axis).

Projection window

A flat rectangular region in space corresponding to the rendered image that will be displayed on the computer screen.