KA4b) Hydrophobic signals and control of transcription

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Biology

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10 Terms

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What can hydrophobic signals do?
Diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer
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What does hydrophobic signals bind to?
Intracellular receptors
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Give an example of hydrophobic signal molecules
Steroid hormones; such as oestrogen and testosterone
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What are the receptors for hydrophobic signals?
Transcription factors
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What are transcription factors?
Proteins that when bound to DNA can either stimulate or inhibit transcription
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Give an example of what stimulation without hormone looks like
No hormone means transcription factor doesn't bind; thus no transcription
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Give an example of what stimulation with hormone looks like
Hormone binds to transcription factor and a complex binds to DNA; thus transcription takes place
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What forms when the hormone binds to transcription factor?
Hormone receptor complex (HRC)
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What is the hormone response element (HRE)?
When HRC binds to specific DNA sequences
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How is the rate of transcription influenced?
By the binding of the HRC to the HRE; which can increase or decrease transcription