APUSH Period 5 - URP

Flashcards covering key topics from Period 5 of AP US History, based on a lecture review. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lj181vG_Xh4

What is Manifest Destiny?

The idea that it was America's God-given duty to expand across the continent.

Who was known as the Manifest Destiny president who campaigned on the slogan 54-40 or fight?

James K. Polk

Name three westward trails Americans used in hopes of a brighter future and economic opportunities.

Oregon, Santa Fe, and Mormon trails

What was Congress worried about upsetting with the annexation of Texas?

The balance between slave and free states.

Where did a border dispute between America and Mexico occur, leading to the Mexican-American War?

The Rio Grande River.

What did the Wilmot Proviso propose?

Banning slavery from any land gained as a result of the Mexican-American War.

Which treaty officially ended the Mexican-American War in 1848?

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

What were the key components of the Compromise of 1850?

California was added as a free state, and popular sovereignty was allowed in Utah and New Mexico.

What was the impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?

It allowed for popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska, nullifying the Missouri Compromise.

What was the main goal of the Republican Party's formation?

To unify Americans who opposed the expansion of slavery into the western territories.

Name two abolitionists who took action against slavery.

Harriet Tubman and Harriet Beecher Stowe

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in the 1857 Dred Scott case?

That African Americans were not citizens and could not sue in a U.S. court, effectively declaring the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.

What was the goal of John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry?

An attempt to arm a slave rebellion.

On what did the Southern economy almost exclusively rely, and what argument did they frequently use to defend it?

Plantation agriculture and the states' rights argument.

Which state seceded first after the 1860 presidential election?

South Carolina

What were the North's advantages going into the Civil War?

Larger population, control of the U.S. Navy, banks, more infrastructure, and more farmland.

What event marked the official start of the Civil War?

Fort Sumter

Name three key battles/events of the Civil War.

Antietam, Gettysburg, and Appomattox

What was Lincoln's main goal during the Civil War?

Restoring the Union.

What civil liberty did Lincoln restrict during the war?

Suspending habeas corpus.

What was the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation?

It freed enslaved people in states in open rebellion and allowed African Americans to join the Union Army.

What was the purpose of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address?

Promote the principles of equality and freedom and inspire support for the war effort.

What did Lincoln's initial plan require for Southern states to rejoin the Union?

10% of the state's voters had to pledge an oath of allegiance to the Union.

What did the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments do?

Abolished slavery, defined citizenship, and granted universal male suffrage.

How did white Southerners resist Reconstruction measures?

Jim Crow laws, poll taxes, and literacy tests

What was the compromise of 1877?

Removing federal troops from the South.

What are some potential causation questions you might see on the exam?

The effects of Manifest Destiny, causes for the rise in anti-slavery sentiments, and causes of the Civil War.

What was the South's greatest strength, despite the North's advantages in population and industry?

Strong commitment to the Confederate cause.

How did Reconstruction ultimately fail to change American society in the long term?

Failed to provide long-term protection for African American rights.