Gram negative cocci

Neisseria gonorrhoeae risks

• having multiple sexual partners

• having a partner with a history of any STD

• having unprotected sex

gonorrhea in men

• copious purulent fluid

• burning during urination

• urination frequency increase

complications for men associated with gonorrhea

• urethra stricture

• epididymitis

• prostatitis

Primary site of gonorrhea infection in women

endocervix

symptoms of gonorrhea in women

• vaginal discharge

• erythematous friable cervical os

complications of gonorrhea in women

• pelvic inflammatory disease

• scarring which can lead to sterility

if the mother is infected with gonorrhea what happens to the baby that is born

neonates aquire an eye infection that can lead to blindness

What is the most definitive method fro detecting gonorrhea infection

• GS and culture

• enzyme linke immunosorbent assay

• nucleic acid probe

Direct smears from women are suggestive because

women have vaginal flora that can look like gonorrhoeae, men dont have that microbiome

Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture

SBA +/ -

Chocolate/modified thayer martin media

• beige to grey-brown, translucent colonies, smooth, 0.5-1mm in diameter

Neisseria gonorrhoeae ID

• screen with oxidase (+)

• gram stain

• ferments glucose only

• superoxyl test +

• mostly has resistance to penicilins, tetracyclines, and flouroquinolones

Neisseria meningitidis can cause death in

12-48hrs

Neisseria meningitidis can cause menningitis what other diseases does it cause

• meningcoccemia

• water-house-friderichsen syndrome

• focal infection, pneumonia

• conjunctivitis

Neisseria virulence factors include

• pili

• IgA protease

• polysacharide capsule

• endotoxin

When examining CSF for Neisseria what do you do if the examination of CSF is negative

• gram stain for: GNDC insde and outside the PMNs

• direct antigen test (for negative result after 48 hrs but meningitis is still suspected)

• biofire

• sugars test

Neiserria meningitidis colony morphology

• SBA/choclate- beige to grey brown, translucent, smooth, -3 mm in diameter

• encapsulated strains are mucoid

Neisseria meningitidis ID

• grows on MTM

• oxidase +

• carbo ferm:

  • +glucose

  • + maltose

A patient with Neisseria meningitidis is allergic to Penicillin, what would they be prescribed

chloramphenicol

while working someone was exposed to Neisseria meningitidis patient what is the antibiotic they will be likely prescribed

ciprofloxacin

if they are allergic they will get rifampin (the big gun)

Neisseria lactamica is considered normal upper respiratory flora and rarely causes an infection. What would tell the difference between it and other neisseria species that are more infective?

carbo ferm:

• glucose +

• lactose+

• maltose+

Moraxella catarrhalis culture

• tend to be larger GNDC than seen in Neisseria

• SBA/Chocolate: large non-pigmented or gray, opaque, smooth, “hockey pucks”

• they scoot on the agar when mature at about 48 hrs

Moraxella catarrhalis ID

• MTM +/ -

• Oxidase +

• beta lactase+

• Assacharolytic

• DNase +

• Mcat disk/butyrate esterase +

Moraxella catarrhalis can colonize:

• sinuses

• respiratory tract

• but rarely the meninges and blood

Gram stains for GNC can be variable what test can you do to confirm if its GNC?

oxidase test should be + for all GNC