Hard

Where are external intercostals located? How do their fibres run? What do they aid in?

• most superficial

• Fibers run anteriorly + inferiorly between the ribs

• Aid in inspiration

Where are internal intercostals located? How do the fibers run? What do they aid in?

• Lie deep to external intercostals

• Fibers run posteriorly + inferiorly between ribs

• Aid in expiration

What does the erector spinae do? where do they lie?

• Keeps the spine erect

• run down both sides of the spinal column

What is the external oblique where are they located?

• most superficial of the anterolateral abdominal wall structure

How do external oblique fibers run

Fibers run anteriorly + inferiorly

How do internal oblique fibers run?

Fibers run anteriorly + superiorly

Where do internal oblique lie?

deep to the external oblique

Functions of the External oblique

• Bilateral

  • Flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal wall.

  • Used in forced expiration

• Unilateral

  • lateral flexion + rotation of the vertebral column

Internal oblique functions

• bilateral

  • Flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal wall

• Unilateral

  • Lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column

Where do the transversus abdominis lie? how do the fibers run?

• lies deep to the interal oblique

• runs horizontally

What is the function of the transversus abdominis

• Bilateral

  • Flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal wall

  • used in forced expiration

• unilateral

  • lateral flexion of the vertebral column

what is another word for the transversus abdominis

girdle muscle

Where does the rectus abdominis lie? How is it seperated?

• lies on either side of the linea alba

• seperated by tendinous intersections

Functions of Rectus abdominis

• Flexion of the trunk

• Forced expiration

what is the linea alba

a line of connective tissue down the middle of the abdomen for muscle attachment

3 functions of the periosteum

1. Protects the bone

2. contains blood vessels + nerves that supply the bone

3. contains cells responsible for forming new bone tissue

Functions of skeletal muscle

• joint stability + posture

• Movement

• support + protect internal organs

• heat

• excretion + swallowing

Functions of connective tissue

• support + protection

• structural framework

• medium for exchange

• storage + repair

• defense

What does the temporalis do?

Chewing muscle

• elevates and pulls the mandible posteriorly (retracts)

What does the masseter do?

Chewing muscle

• elevate + protract (move forward) the jaw

Where does the masseter extend from? and extend to?

Extends from the zygomatic arch to the angle of the mandible

Where does the temporalis extend from and extend to?

Extends from the temporal fossa of the parietal bone to the coronoid process of the mandible

What is the anterior muscle that moves the head

the sternocleidomastoid

What does the sternocleidomastoid do?

• flexes the neck w/bilateral contraction

• rotates the head to the opposite side w/ unilateral contraction

What are the posterior muscles that move the head?

• Semispinalis capitis

• splenius capitis

What does the semispinalis capitis do?

• Extends the neck w/bilateral contraction

• turns the face slightly to the opposite side w/unilateral contraction

What does the splenius capitis do?

• extends the neck w/ bilateral contraction

• flexion + lateral rotation of the neck w/unilateral contraction

What does the tibialis anterior do?

Dorsi flexion

What does the gastrocnemius + solos do?

plantar flexion

What muscle everts the foot?

Peronius fibularis longus muscle

What muscle flexes the knee and the hip

sartorius

• crosses both the knee + hip

• flexing both the joints

What is the muscle whos tendon can be used in graft tendon surgery

palmaris longus muscle

What is the sarcolemma

cell membrane surrounding a muscle cell

what is the structural unit of a muscle cell? what is the contractile unit of a muscle cell?

Structural unit - myofibril

contractile unit - myofilament

Function of skeletal muscle

• Heat

• movement

• maintain posture + stabilize joints

• control swallowing + excretion

• support + protect internal organs

Function of skeletal system

• support

• protection

• storage

• movement

• blood cell formation

Function of bone

support

movement

protection

blood cell formation

mineral metabolism

Rectus abdominous function

• forced expiration

• Flexion of the trunk

Transversus abdominous function

• flexes vertebral column

• compresses the abdominal wall

• forced expiration

• lateral flexion of the vertebral column

What is the corocoid process? What is its purpose?

• a feature of the ANTERIOR surface of the scapula

  • towards the lateral side

• stabilizes the shoulder joint

what does the xiphoid process articulate with?

Nothing

What runs perpendicular to the linea alba

Tendinous intersection