Periods 1 and 2

APUSH review material

Native Americans

Indigenous peoples of North America who adapted and transformed their environment.

Three Sisters method of farming

Agricultural technique involving the planting of maize, beans, and squash together.

Spanish Encomienda

A system that granted colonists authority over local Native Americans, establishing a labor system.

Pueblo Revolt

A rebellion of Pueblo Indians against Spanish colonial rule in 1680.

Columbian Exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World.

Triangular Trade

Trade system involving three regions: Europe, Africa, and the Americas, exchanging goods and slaves.

House of Burgesses

The first elected legislative assembly in the New World, established in Virginia.

Mayflower Compact

The first governing document of the Plymouth Colony, establishing a form of self-government.

Fundamental Orders

Considered by some as the first written constitution in America, created in Connecticut.

Bacon’s Rebellion

A 1676 insurgency in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon, protesting colonial government and class issues.

First Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals in the early 18th century emphasizing individual piety and a personal relationship with God.

Growth of Slavery in the Southern Colonies

The transition to a hereditary, race-based, and permanent system of slavery.

Salutary Neglect

An unofficial British policy allowing American colonies to operate with minimal government intervention.

Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism

The concept linking Protestantism's emphasis on hard work and frugality to the development of capitalism.

Indian-European competition

The contest for land and resources between Native Americans and European settlers.

Mercantilism

Economic theory promoting government regulation of a nation's economy to augment state power.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan dissenter whose beliefs challenged the established religious order in Massachusetts.

Pequot War

A conflict between Pequot tribe and English settlers in New England during the 1630s.

George Whitefield

An evangelical preacher who played a significant role in the First Great Awakening.

Jonathan Edwards

A Puritan theologian known for his fire-and-brimstone sermons during the First Great Awakening.

Indentured Servitude

A labor system where individuals worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America.

Salem Witch Trials

A series of trials in 1692 in colonial Massachusetts in which numerous people were accused of witchcraft.