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Grange
An American agricultural organization formed in the late 19th century to promote the interests of farmers.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
A landmark federal statute passed in 1890 that outlawed monopolistic business practices.
Great Railroad Strike of 1877
A nationwide railroad strike that began in response to wage cuts and was marked by violent clashes.
Knights of Labor
The first major national labor organization in the United States, founded in 1869, that sought to unite all workers.
Haymarket Affair
A violent confrontation in 1886 between police and labor protesters in Chicago that became a symbol of the labor movement.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
A national federation of labor unions in the United States, founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers.
Henry George
An American political economist and journalist, best known for his book 'Progress and Poverty' advocating for a single tax on land.
Progress and Poverty
A book by Henry George that explores the relationship between economic progress and social inequality.
Edward Bellamy
An American novelist and socialist, known for his utopian novel 'Looking Backward'.
Looking Backward
A novel by Edward Bellamy, published in 1888, envisioning a future society based on equality and cooperation.
Homestead Strike
A violent labor dispute in 1892 between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers and the Carnegie Steel Company.
Pullman Strike 1894
A nationwide railroad strike that resulted in a major confrontation between strikers and the federal government.
Eugene Debs
A significant American labor leader and socialist politician known for founding the Industrial Workers of the World.
William Jennings Bryan
An American orator and politician, famous for his 'Cross of Gold' speech advocating for bimetallism.
Cross of Gold
A famous speech by William Jennings Bryan that criticized the gold standard and advocated for the bimetallic standard.
Ida Tarbell
An American journalist and social reformer known for her work exposing the practices of the Standard Oil Company.
Jacob Riis
A Danish-American social reformer, journalist, and photographer known for his work exposing poor living conditions in New York City.
Triangle Shirtwaist fire
A tragic industrial disaster in 1911 that resulted in the deaths of 146 garment workers and raised awareness for labor conditions.
Sweatshops
Factories or workshops where manual workers are employed at very low wages for long hours under poor conditions.
Tom Pendergast
A prominent American political boss in Kansas City known for his influence in the Democratic Party in the early 20th century.
Strikebreakers
Individuals hired to replace striking workers, often leading to increased tensions and violence during labor disputes.
Separate spheres
A 19th-century ideology that prescribed distinct roles and responsibilities for men and women in society.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
A prominent feminist writer known for her works advocating women's independence and social reform.
Margaret Sanger
A social reformer and activist who played a crucial role in the birth control movement in the United States.
Emma Goldman
An anarchist political activist and writer known for her contributions to the labor movement and women's rights.
Jane Addams & Hull House
Jane Addams was a social reformer who co-founded Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago that assisted immigrant communities.
Upton Sinclair
An American writer and social activist known for his novel 'The Jungle,' which exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.
The Jungle
A novel by Upton Sinclair that depicted the harsh conditions of the immigrant workers in the meatpacking industry.
Municipal reform
A movement aimed at improving city governance and reducing corruption in local government.
17th Amendment
An amendment to the U.S. Constitution that established the direct election of U.S. Senators by popular vote.
19th Amendment
An amendment to the U.S. Constitution granting women the right to vote.
Robert La Follette
An American politician and reformer known for his progressive policies and leadership in the Progressive Movement.
Ida B. Wells
An African American journalist and activist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States.
Square Deal
A domestic program by President Theodore Roosevelt aimed at ensuring fairness for workers, consumers, and businesses.
Pure Food and Drug Act
A 1906 law aimed at regulating food and pharmaceuticals to protect consumers from adulteration.
Meat Inspection Act
Legislation passed in 1906 that ensured sanitary standards in the meatpacking industry.
Bull Moose
The Progressive Party created by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912; it was known for its platform of progressive reforms.
Election 1912
A presidential election notable for the split in the Republican Party, leading to the election of Democrat Woodrow Wilson.
Trusts
Large business entities that combine several companies under a single board of trustees to monopolize a market.
Social Darwinism
A theory that applies the concept of 'survival of the fittest' to social politics, justifying imperialism and economic inequality.
Labor unions
Organizations formed by workers to advocate for better wages, working conditions, and rights.
The Pullman Company
A company that manufactured railroad cars and was central to the Pullman Strike of 1894.
Muckrakers
Journalists and writers in the early 20th century who exposed corruption, societal issues, and injustices.
Square Deal Policy
The domestic policy of President Theodore Roosevelt aimed at fair relationships between businesses and workers.
New Nationalism
The progressive political philosophy of Theodore Roosevelt, advocating for social justice and economic regulation.
Progressive Movement
A social and political movement aiming for reforms in political, economic, and social aspects in the early 20th century.
Nineteenth Amendment
The amendment that granted women the right to vote in the United States, ratified in 1920.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890
A federal statute that outlawed monopolistic practices and aimed to preserve competition in the economy.
