Prejudice Disliking Others

Prejudice

A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members.

TRUE

T or F: Prejudice is an attitude.

TRUE

T or F: Prejudice is a combination of feelings, inclinations to act, and beliefs.

ABCs

Prejudice can be remembered as the ___ of attitudes: affect, behavior tendency, and cognition.

Affect

Feelings associated with an attitude.

Behavior Tendency

Inclinations to act in certain ways toward a group.

Cognition

Beliefs about a group.

attitude

Prejudice is a negative ___.

behavior

Discrimination is negative ___.

TRUE

T or F: Discriminatory behavior often has its source in prejudicial attitudes.

TRUE

T or F: Prejudiced attitudes need not breed hostile acts.

FALSE; Oppression can exist without prejudice.

T or F: All oppression springs from prejudice.

institutional practices

Racism and sexism are ___ that discriminate.

TRUE

T or F: Racism and sexism can exist even when there is no prejudicial intent.

TRUE

T or F: There can be racism without racists.

TRUE

T or F: There can be sexism without sexists.

Stereotype

A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people.

TRUE

T or F: Stereotypes are sometimes overgeneralized.

FALSE; Some stereotypes can be accurate.

T or F: Stereotypes are inaccurate.

resistant

Stereotypes are ___ to new information.

Discrimination

Unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members.

Racism

An individual’s prejudicial attitudes toward people of a given race.

Racism (Institutional)

Institutional practices that subordinate people of a given race.

Sexism

An individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given sex.

Sexism (Institutional)

Institutional practices that subordinate people of a given sex.

TRUE

T or F: Prejudice illustrates our dual attitude system.

Explicit Attitudes

Conscious attitudes.

Implicit Attitudes

Automatic attitudes.

TRUE

T or F: People can have different explicit and implicit attitudes toward the same target.

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Hundreds of studies using the ___ show prejudiced evaluations can occur outside awareness.

FALSE; Implicit prejudice occurs outside awareness.

T or F: Prejudiced evaluations always occur with awareness.

TRUE

T or F: Critics contend that the Implicit Association Test (IAT) lacks sufficient validity to assess or label individuals.

TRUE

T or F: The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is more appropriate for research purposes.

biases

Implicit ___ help predict behaviors ranging from acts of friendliness to work evaluations.

TRUE

T or F: People perceive high prejudice in others and low prejudice in themselves.

FALSE; Subtle prejudice still exists.

T or F: Racial prejudice is becoming a thing of the past.

Subtle Racial Prejudice

Despite lingering animosities, the bigger problem today is not overt, conscious prejudice.

Subtle Prejudice

___ may be expressed as microaggressions.

Examples of

Race-related traffic stops and reluctance to sit near someone of another race.

RÉSUMÉ CALLBACK STUDY

Applicants with White-sounding names received one callback for every 10 résumés sent. Applicants with Black-sounding names received one callback for every 15 résumés sent.

Automatic Racial Prejudice

Unconscious associations may reflect cultural assumptions rather than prejudice.

Implicit Prejudice

Prejudice involves negative feelings and action tendencies.

Implicit Prejudice and Behavior

Implicit prejudice can leak into behavior.

TRUE

T or F: People with implicit prejudice judge White job applicants more favorably and White emergency room patients receive better treatment recommendations than Black patients.

Gender Prejudice

Strong gender stereotypes exist.

TRUE

T or F: Members of stereotyped groups often accept gender stereotypes and people believe you can judge a book by its sexual cover.

Sexism: Benevolent and Hostile

Judging from what people tell survey researches, attitudes toward women have changed as rapidly as racial attitudes.

Anti-Gay Prejudice

___ is rapidly diminishing but still endures.

TRUE

T or F: Support for gay marriage is mixed but increasing.

TRUE

T or F: Discrimination against gays and lesbians is no longer a serious problem.

Social Inequalities: Unequal Status and Prejudice

Unequal status breeds prejudice.

TRUE

T or F: Masters viewed slaves as lazy and irresponsible to justify slavery.

TRUE

T or F: Prejudice helps justify the superiority of those with wealth and power.

TRUE

T or F: Upper-class individuals attribute success to skill and effort.

TRUE

T or F: Poverty is attributed to lack of effort rather than circumstance.

TRUE

T or F: Blacks and women were viewed as mentally slow and content with subordination.

TRUE

T or F: Some people prefer hierarchical social systems.

TRUE

T or F: High-status positions promote social dominance orientation.