UNIT 4 APUSH VOCAB

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92 Terms

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54-40’ or Fight!

A slogan used in the Oregon boundary dispute, advocating for U.S. control of the entire Oregon Territory.

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Battle of the Alamo

A pivotal event in the Texas Revolution where Texan defenders fought against the Mexican army.

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Aaron Burr

The third Vice President of the United States who famously killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel.

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Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

A Supreme Court case that recognized the Cherokee Nation as a distinct community but denied them sovereignty.

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American System

An economic plan promoting national economic growth through a strong banking system, tariffs, and internal improvements.

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Election of 1824

Controversial presidential election decided by the House of Representatives; included John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson.

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American Antislavery Society

An organization founded in 1833 to advocate for the abolition of slavery.

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Embargo Act

A law passed in 1807 that prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports.

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Boom and bust

An economic cycle characterized by periods of rapid growth followed by sharp contractions.

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Lewis & Clark Expedition

An exploration of the western territories of the U.S. commissioned by Thomas Jefferson.

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American Colonization Society

An organization founded to promote the migration of free African Americans to Africa.

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Force Bill

Legislation passed in 1833 allowing the President to use military force to enforce federal laws.

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Corrupt bargain

A term used to describe the alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay in the 1824 election.

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Nat Turner’s Rebellion

A violent slave rebellion led by Nat Turner in Virginia in 1831.

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Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States known for his populist style and policies.

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Hartford Convention

A series of meetings by New England Federalists during the War of 1812 to discuss grievances.

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Cult of domesticity

A 19th-century ideal that emphasized women's roles as homemakers and moral influencers.

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Nullification Crisis

A political crisis in the early 1830s over states' rights and federal tariff laws, particularly in South Carolina.

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Charles Finney

A leading preacher in the Second Great Awakening known for his revival meetings.

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Indian Removal Act

A law passed in 1830 that authorized the removal of Native Americans from their lands.

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Era of Good Feelings

A period of national unity and political peace in the early 19th century during Monroe's presidency.

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Panic of 1819

The first major financial crisis in the United States, leading to bank failures and high unemployment.

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David Walker

An African American abolitionist known for his pamphlet advocating for immediate abolition.

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Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 acquisition of French territory that doubled the size of the United States.

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Gag rule

A rule passed by Congress in the 1830s that prevented the discussion of anti-slavery petitions.

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Panic of 1837

A financial crisis that led to widespread bank failures and economic depression.

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Democrat Party

A political party that emerged from the Democratic-Republican Party, advocating for agrarian interests and states' rights.

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Marbury v. Madison

A landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review.

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Impressment

The British practice of forcibly recruiting American sailors into the navy.

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Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention held in 1848, which issued the Declaration of Sentiments.

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Democratic-Republican Party

A political party founded by Thomas Jefferson advocating for agrarianism and states' rights.

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McCulloch v. Maryland

A Supreme Court case that established the federal government's implied powers.

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Jacksonian Democracy

The political movement that expanded suffrage and promoted the common man during Andrew Jackson's presidency.

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Seminole Wars

A series of conflicts between the U.S. and the Seminole tribe in Florida over land and sovereignty.

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Dorothea Dix

A social reformer who advocated for the improvement of mental health care in the U.S.

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Missouri Compromise

An agreement in 1820 that aimed to maintain the balance between slave and free states.

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Judicial review

The power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of laws.

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Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Cherokee Indians from their homelands to designated Indian Territory.

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Eli Whitney

Inventor of the cotton gin, which revolutionized the cotton industry.

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Non-Intercourse Act

A law that lifted the embargo on trade with all nations except Britain and France.

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Labor unions

Organizations formed by workers to protect their rights and interests.

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War of 1812

Conflict between the U.S. and Britain, influenced by trade restrictions and impressment.

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Federalist Party

The first political party in the United States, advocating for a strong central government.

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Oregon Treaty

An agreement between the U.S. and Britain that established the Oregon Territory boundary.

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Manifest Destiny

The belief that the expansion of the United States across the American continents was justified.

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Frederick Douglass

An African American social reformer, abolitionist, and writer.

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Second Bank of the United States

The national bank created in 1816 to stabilize the American economy.

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Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. policy opposing European colonialism in the Americas.

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Freedmen

Former enslaved people who were emancipated during or after the Civil War.

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Specie Circular

An executive order by Andrew Jackson requiring payment for government land in gold or silver.

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Pet banks

State banks selected by the U.S. Department of Treasury to receive surplus government funds.

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Harriet Tubman

An abolitionist and political activist known for her role in the Underground Railroad.

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Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)

A protective tariff that was aimed at protecting Northern industries but angered Southern states.

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Revivalism

A religious movement that sought to rekindle faith among believers in the early 19th century.

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Henry Clay

A prominent politician and statesman known for his role in crafting compromises during the 19th century.

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Worcester v. Georgia

A landmark Supreme Court case ruling that state laws had no jurisdiction in Native American territories.

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Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement that encouraged social reforms in the early 19th century.

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Henry David Thoreau

A Transcendentalist author known for his book 'Walden' and his philosophy of simple living.

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Spoils system

The practice of giving government jobs to political supporters and friends.

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Horace Mann

An education reformer who advocated for universal public education.

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States’ rights

The idea that states have certain rights that the federal government cannot infringe upon.

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Hudson River School

A mid-19th century American art movement known for its landscape paintings.

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Temperance

The social movement advocating for the reduction or prohibition of alcohol consumption.

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James K. Polk

The 11th President of the United States, known for his expansionist policies.

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Transcendentalism

A philosophical movement emphasizing intuition and the inherent goodness of people and nature.

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John C. Calhoun

A political theorist and statesman known for his defense of slavery and states’ rights.

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Brook Farm

A utopian community founded in the 1840s that practiced Transcendentalist ideals.

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Underground Railroad

A network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved people to escape to freedom.

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John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court known for establishing the principle of judicial review.

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Erie Canal

A man-made waterway that connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie, enhancing trade.

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Universal male suffrage

The legal right for all adult males to vote regardless of economic status.

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John Quincy Adams

The sixth President of the United States and a prominent advocate for modernization and education.

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Lowell, Massachusetts

A town known for its early 19th-century textile mills and the factory system.

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Utopian communities

Societies formed around idealistic principles, often seeking social perfection.

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John Tyler

The 10th President of the United States, known for his unexpected ascent to the presidency.

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National Road

The first major improved highway in the U.S., facilitating westward expansion.

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Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a nation.

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Martin Van Buren

The eighth President of the United States and a key figure in the founding of the Democratic Party.

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Oregon Territory

A vast area of land in the Pacific Northwest claimed by both the U.S. and Britain.

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Sectionalism

Loyalty to a specific region of the country rather than the nation as a whole.

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Mormons

Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, known for their migration to Utah.

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Republic of Texas

An independent nation from 1836 to 1845 before it became a U.S. state.

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Ralph Waldo Emerson

A leading figure in the Transcendentalist movement emphasizing individuality and nature.

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Samuel Slater

An industrial pioneer who established the first successful textile mill in America.

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Shakers

A religious sect known for their communal living, celibacy, and simple lifestyle.

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Sojourner Truth

An African American abolitionist and women's rights activist known for her speeches.

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Tecumseh

A Shawnee leader who sought to unite Native American tribes against U.S. expansion.

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War Hawks

Members of Congress who pushed for war against Britain in 1812.

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Whig Party

A political party formed in opposition to the Democratic Party in the 1830s.

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William Henry Harrison

The ninth President of the U.S. who died just a month after taking office.

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William Lloyd Garrison

An abolitionist and journalist known for his anti-slavery newspaper 'The Liberator'.

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Nat Turner

An enslaved man who led a rebellion in Virginia, resulting in severe retaliations.