Cell Transport - DP1 Biology

Diffusion (simple)

Net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement of specific molecules from high to low concentration across cell membranes through protein channels or carriers

Active Transport

The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy, proteins, and moving from low to high concentration.

Selectively Permeable

Cell membranes that allow some substances to pass through, while not allowing others to pass.

Passive Transport

The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell and molecules moving from high to low concentration

Osmosis

Passive diffusion of water from an area of low solute to an area of high solute through a selectively permeable membrane.

hypotonic environment

A cell placed in this environment GAINS water because there is less solute & more water around the cell.

hypertonic environment

A cell placed in this environment LOSES water because there is more solute & less water around the cell.

Isotonic

An equal balance of water moving in and out of the cell.

Integral Proteins

These structures (in purple) help move substances across a cell membrane during facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Equilibrium

No more NET movement occurs because the solute molecules are evenly spread out throughout a solvent. NO DIFFUSION occurs because there is no 'high' and 'low' however movement occurs equally in all directions.

Endocytosis

A process when large materials ENTER a cell with a vesicle.

Exocytosis

A process when large materials EXIT a cell with a vesicle created by the rough ER or the golgi apparatus.

Solvent

The substance in which the solute dissolves

Solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to create a solution.

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

Simple diffusion

Endocytosis

Exocytosis

Glycoprotein

A protein with one or more attached carbohydrates - used to identify the cell

Glycolipid

A lipid with one or more attached carbohydrates - used to identify the cell

polar head

part of the phospholipid that is attracted to water (or is hydrophillic)

nonpolar tail

Part of the phospholipid that is not attracted to water (or is hydrophobic).

cholesterol

regulates the fluidity (and permeability) of the membrane because it regulates the spacing between phospholipids when temp changes

Osmolarity

Concentration of solutes on the inside of a cell. Determined by graphing the change in mass vs. environmental solute concentration and looking for the point where there is zero mass change

Na+/K+ pump

Integral protein (pump) that uses ATP to actively transport solutes from low to high concentration. The ATP is used to change the shape of the protein.