new Cell Division and Mitosis

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to cell division and mitosis, including phases of the cell cycle, types of cell division, and definitions of cellular processes.

Prophase

The first stage of mitosis where the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.

Cell Division

The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.

Interphase

The longest part of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division without dividing.

Mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Cytokinesis

The final step in mitosis involving the division of the cell's cytoplasm.

Diploid

A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Asexual Reproduction

A type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes and produces genetically identical offspring.

Binary Fission

A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms where a parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

DNA Replication

The process of duplicating the cell's genetic material before cell division.

Cell Growth

The increase in the size of a cell, often occurring in the G1 and G2 phases of interphase.

Differentiation

The process by which a cell develops into a more specialized type, often during development.

Dedifferentiation

The process where specialized cells revert to a more general state.

S Phase

The synthesis phase of interphase where DNA replication occurs.

G1 Phase

The first gap phase of interphase where the cell grows and carries out its normal functions.

G2 Phase

The second gap phase of interphase where the cell prepares for mitosis.

Chromatin

A complex of DNA and proteins that condenses to form chromosomes during mitosis.

Metaphase

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes align at the cell's equator.

Anaphase

The phase of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite poles.

Telophase

The final phase of mitosis where chromatids arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes reform.

Centriole

A small, cylindrical structure involved in cell division, helping to organize the mitotic spindle.

Kinetochores

Protein structures on the centromeres where spindle fibers attach during mitosis.