Social Reform Movements and the Civil War Era

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to social reform movements, the Civil War, and significant historical events and figures from the 1800s.

Second Great Awakening

A religious movement that challenged traditional authority and unified colonists to reform society.

Temperance Movement

A social movement advocating for the reduction or prohibition of alcohol consumption.

Public School Movement

An initiative to make education free and mandatory for all children, supported by taxpayers.

Women's Movement

A social movement aimed at gaining equal rights for women, including voting and custody rights.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

A violent slave rebellion led by Nat Turner, resulting in the deaths of 60 whites and strict laws against slaves.

Abolitionist Movement

A social movement that aimed to abolish slavery in the United States.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state to maintain balance.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent.

Compromise of 1850

A series of laws aimed at resolving tensions between free and slave states following the Mexican-American War.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Legislation that allowed residents of Kansas and Nebraska to decide on the legality of slavery through popular sovereignty.

Scott v. Sanford

A Supreme Court case that ruled African Americans were not U.S. citizens and could not sue in federal court.

John Brown's Raid

An attempt by abolitionist John Brown to incite a slave rebellion by seizing a federal armory in Harpers Ferry.

Emancipation Proclamation

An executive order by President Lincoln freeing slaves in Confederate-held territory.

Gettysburg Address

A speech by Lincoln that reaffirmed the Union's commitment to liberty and equality.

Reconstruction Amendments

The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments aimed to secure rights for freed slaves.

Black Codes

Laws enacted in the South to restrict the freedoms of African Americans post-Civil War.

Freedmen's Bureau

A federal agency established to assist freed slaves in transitioning to freedom and citizenship.

Vertical Monopoly

A business model where a company controls multiple levels of production and distribution.

Telegraph

An invention by Samuel Morse that allowed for instant communication over long distances.