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Pistil

Stigma

Style

ovary

Pollen tube

Anther

filament

Stamen

Ovule

Petal

Sepal

Receptacle

Peduncle

Is found in many dicotyledons such as

carrots and beets

Is derived directly from the first root

emerging from the seed

Has one prominent root

Taproot System

flowering plants with two seed cotyledons

Dicotyledons

Are found in most monocots

Consists of an extensive mass of smaller,

widely spread roots

Fibrous Root System

-single, dominant roots

−grow directly downward

−sprout other fibrous roots

−can be modified for food

and water storage and

uptake

Taproot

• Extend horizontally from the taproot

• Extract nutrients and water from the soil

Lateral Roots

• Form from shoot tissues

• Arise in stems and leaves

• Are used when cloning plants from cuttings

Adventitious Roots

• Are thin, slender roots

• Collect water and nutrients

close to the soil surface

• Sprout from primary roots

Fibrous Roots

• Transports water from the roots up the

plant

• Provides structure and support in the stem

Xylem

• Transports sugars and other molecules

made during photosynthesis

• Is always alive

Phloem

• flower stalk

peduncle

• part of flower stalk bearing floral organs

receptacle

• leaf structures at flower base, protects young buds, all together known as calyx

Sepal

• located in and above the sepals, attracts pollinators, all together known as corolla

petal

• male part of the flower, makes pollen grains

stamen

• stalk of the stamen, contains the anther

filament

• bears pollen

anther

grains containing the male germ cells

pollen

• female part of the flower

pistil

• sticky top of pistil, receptive surface for pollen grains

stigma

• stalk of the pistil, where pollen tube grows

style

• base of the pistil, matures to become fruit

ovary

• located in the ovary, carries female sex cells

ovule

• both stamen and pistil are present and functioning

Perfect

• stamen or pistil is missing

imperfect

Petiole

Stipules

Small netted vein

Vein

midrib

• main, central vein of a leaf

midrib

• leaf stalk which attaches the leaf to the plant

petiole

main support of the plant

stem

• small, leaf-like appendages at the base of the petiole

stipule

• transports water, minerals and food energy throughout the plant

vein

• leaves not divided into separate units

simple

• leaflets arranged on both sides of an axis

compound

• several large veins run alongside each other from the base of the blade to the tip

(monocots)

parallel

• several main veins of about equal size, all of which extend from a common point at the base of the leaf (dicots)

palmate

• one large, central vein, the midrib, with other large veins branching from the sides

pinnate

Pinnate

Palmate

Parallel

• one leaf produced at each node

alternate

• leaves in pairs at nodes

opposite

• three or more leaves per node

whorled

Alternate

Opposite

Whorled

• formed from one ovary

simple

• formed from a single flower with many ovaries

aggregate

• developed from a fusion of separate flowers on a single structure

multiple

• protects the embryo

seed coat

• temporary food supply, also known as the seed leaf

cotyledon

Embryo

Seed coat

Cotyledon

• Are embryos with a single

cotyledon

• Contain flower parts in

multiples of three

• Have adventitious roots

• Store nutrients in

endosperm

Monocots

• Are embryos with two cotyledons

• Contain flower parts in multiples of four or

five

• Have roots which form from the radical

Dicots

plant roots, stems, or leaves

Vegetables

plant ovaries that develop after fertilization.

Fruits

arise from a single ovary with multiple seeds ex. grapes, bananas, peppers, and tomatoes.

Berries

clusters of small fruits ex, raspberries and blackberries

Aggregate fruits

What part of the strawberry is the true fruit?

Achenes

fruits with hard shells

Nuts

(peaches, plums, walnuts, pecans) have a single seed enclosed in a hard stone.

Drupes

fruits (apples, pears) are accessory fruits where the edible flesh is modified flower parts, not ovary.

Pome

have juice sacs that were once hair-like cells lining the ovary; these sacs swell into the pulpy bits in oranges, lemons, and grapefruits.

Hesperidia (citrus)