Weight and Balance

Avgas Weight

6 lbs/gal

Jet A Weight

6.7 lbs/gal

When does an airplane operating under part 91 need a W&B Done?

when weight and balance records are lost.

Datum

imaginary vertical plane on the airplane from which all horizontal measurements are taken from.

Arm

Distance of an object from the fulcrum

Moment

objects weight multiplied by its arm

CG

point at which an aircraft would balance if suspended, the balance point.

Maximum Ramp Weight

The total weight of a loaded aircraft, including all fuel. It is greater than the takeoff weight due to the fuel that will be burned during the taxi and runup operations. Ramp weight may also be referred to as taxi weight.

Maximum Takeoff Weight

The maximum allowable weight for takeoff.

Maximum Landing Weight

Maximum weight approved for the landing touchdown

Zero Fuel Weight

Operating Weight + Payload (passengers and cargo) \=

Empty Weight

The weight of the airframe, engines, all permanently installed equipment, and unusable fuel.

Tare Weight

the weight of everything on the scales besides the airplane

Where do we find data to perform a weight and balance?

the aircrafts TCDS

What are the two different types of scales? How are they different

Platform Scales and Load Cells.
Platform Scales are placed under the wheels, like bathroom wheels
Load cells are placed between jack and jack pad and measure strain-guage

Basic Steps to a Weight & Balance

1)Find info from TCDS and MM on how to level and weigh
2)prepare aircraft by checking that necessary/unnecessary items are installed/removed
3)level
4)drop plum bob from datum
5)find arms of scales
6)weigh aircraft
7)compute CG

Useful Load (payload)

Weight of the pilot, copilot, passengers, baggage, usable fuel and drainable oil

Minimum Fuel

amount of fuel that must be shown on the weight and balance when aircraft is loaded for adverse load check

What is a ballast?

weight which placed in the aircraft to attain a desired C.G.

Forward Adverse Load Check

load everything forward of the forward CG to max weight, everything in the CG range and behind the aft CG range to minimum.
This is done to check if it is possible to legally load this aircraft forward of the forward CG limit

Rearward Adverse Load Check

load everything aft of the aft CG to max weight, everything in the CG range and in front of the forward CG range to minimum.
This is done to check if it is possible to legally load this aircraft aft of the aft CG limit

Maximum Gross Weight Check

Load everything to is max allowable weight (full fuel, all seats filled, baggage area limits maxed). This is done to check if it is possible to load the aircraft in a way that the aircrafts gross weight can be exceeded.

what do we say when the plane is in a within balance?

The airplane falls within the CG range.

\-----------------EVERYTHING MOBLEY SAID DIRECTLY IS ABOVE\--------------

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when do aircraft operating under part 125 or 135 need to be weighed?

every 36 months or after a major alteration.

What are the problems associated with an overloaded aircraft?

-reduced climb performance
-reduced acceleration
-longer takeoff distance

What are the problems associated with a too-far-forward CG?

-longer takeoff distance
-lower/reduced elevator effectiveness

What are the problems associated with a too-far-aft CG?

-unstable pitch
-decreased stabilator effectiveness

operators under part 135 are required to complete \________ prior to each flight to allow the pilot to know the exact CG and takeoff weight.

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