Oral Com Chapter 7

Nonverbal communication

Nonverbal communication

Messages expressed without words, as through body movements, facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, and so on.

Expectancy Violation Theory

Explains how we manage ambiguity using nonverbal communication. Three main point.

• people experience physical or psychological arousal when processing nonverbal cues

• violation may be perceived as positive or negative

• people accommodate or compensate

Affect Displays

Facial expressions, body movements, and vocal traits that reveal emotional states.

Emblems

Deliberate gestures with precise meanings known to virtually all members of a cultural group.

Illustrators

Nonverbal behaviors that accompany and support verbal messages.

Truth Bias

Tendency to assume others are being honest.

Deception Bias

Tendency to assume others are lying.

Kenesics

Study of movement, facial expressions, gesture, and posture.

Manipulators

Movements in which a person grooms, messages, rubs, holds, pinches, picks, or otherwise manipulates an object or body part. (fidgeting)

Affect Blend

Combination of two or more expressions, each showing a different emotion.

Paralanguage

Nonlinguistic means of vocal expression: rate, pitch, tone, and so on.

Disfluencies

Vocal interruptions such as stammering and use of “uh, um, and er”

Haptics

Study of touch.

Proxemics

Study of how people and animals use space.

Intimate distance

distance between people that ranges from touching to 18 inches; usually used by people who are emotionally close.

Personal Distance

Distance between people 18 inches - 4 feet; commonly among most relational partners.

Social Distance

4 - 12 feet; commonly used by people who work together or interact during sales transactions.

Public Distance

12 feet + commonly in public speaking.

Territoriality

Tendency to claim spaces or things as ones own, at least temporarily.

Chronemics

Study of how humans use and structure time.

Monochronic

Use of time that emphasizes punctuality, schedules, and completing one task at a time.

Polychronic

Use of time emphasizes flexible schedules in which multiple tasks are pursued at the same time.

Tattoos

• College students find tattoos more attractive on younger woman then older

• Woman find men with tattoos more aggressive and masculine

• Woman find men with tattoos appealing but not husband or father material

• people with visible tattoos struggle more getting hired