Understanding Fats and Lipids

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to fats and lipids, including their functions, types, dietary sources, and health implications.

What are the primary functions of lipids in the body?

Lipids serve as a source of stored energy, form part of plasma membranes, provide insulation, protect vital organs, and help absorb fat-soluble vitamins.

What are the three classifications of fatty acids?

Fatty acids are classified as monounsaturated (one double bond), polyunsaturated (more than one double bond), and saturated (no double bonds).

What are essential fatty acids and give examples?

Essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the body. Examples include alpha-linolenic acid (omega 3) and linoleic acid (omega 6).

What is the structure of triglycerides?

Triglycerides are composed of three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule.

What are the differences between fats and oils?

Fats typically come from animal sources and contain more saturated fatty acids, while oils come from plant sources and contain more unsaturated fatty acids.

What is the role of cholesterol in the body?

Cholesterol is a vital component of cell membranes, a precursor to vitamin D, estrogen, testosterone, and bile, and is mainly found in animal products.

What dietary sources are high in saturated fats?

Sources high in saturated fats include beef, butter, cream, and full-fat dairy products.

How do chylomicrons function in lipid transport?

Chylomicrons transport lipids through the lymphatic system before entering the bloodstream; they are formed from triglycerides and phospholipids coated in protein.

What are the major risk factors for atherosclerosis?

Nonmodifiable risks include age and genetics; modifiable risks include unhealthy diet, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, lack of physical activity, and tobacco use.

What dietary changes can reduce the risk of atherosclerosis?

To reduce risk, limit saturated fats, increase omega-3 fatty acids, consume fiber, and follow diets like the Mediterranean diet or DASH diet.