Chapter 13: Rise of Manufacturing and the Age of Jackson (1820–1845)

John Tyler

________ was the first vice president to succeed a president.

Nicholas Biddle

________ had managed the Bank since 1823.

John Quincy Adams

________ was a capable president, but the Jacksonians, later known as the Democratic Party, sabotaged his administration.

American Colonization Society

The ________, founded in 1817, encouraged freed slaves to settle in Africa.

Horace Mann

________ promoted universal public education and teacher training.

transportation revolution

The ________ boosted American commercial development and increased market economy participation.

Martin Van Buren

In 1838, Jackson's successor ________ expelled the Cherokee.

Slavery

________ was sinful to some abolitionists.

Henry Clay

________ ran against Jackson in the election of 1832.

William Crawford

________ was secretary of the treasury.

Sbolitionist newspaper

The Liberator: ________ begun by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831.

British textile machinery

________ was powered by the Industrial Revolution.

South Carolina legislature

Nullification: In reaction to tariff legislation passed in 1828, the ________ explored the possibility of nullification, by which individual states could rule on the constitutionality of federal laws.

William Lloyd Garrison

________, founder, and editor of the Liberator, was an outspoken abolitionist.

Whigs

________ supported reform legislation more than Democrats because they believed government action worked.

Andrew Jackson

________ was a Tennessee landowner and slaveholder when he became president.

Nat Turner

A Virginia slave who led a violent slave uprising that killed 60 white men, women, and children.

temperance movement

The evangelical Christian ________ also fueled anti- slavery sentiment.

Removal Act

The ________ of 1830 allowed Congress and Jackson to negotiate the removal of tribes east of the Mississippi.

Seminole wars

________ in Florida lasted until the 1850s.

William Henry Harrison

1841: ________ dies after one month in office, and Vice President John Tyler becomes president.

Frederick Douglass

A Maryland former slave, published his antislavery memoir Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.

Henry Clay

________, who had finished second to Jackson, advised his supporters to vote for John Quincy Adams.

John Quincy Adams

________ was secretary of state.

Monroe Doctrine

The ________ shaped American foreign policy for over a century.

Andrew Jackson

________ was the leading military hero of the War of 1812.

Whigs

________ supported Henry Clay's American System, a national bank, tariffs, and internal improvements.

temperance movement

The ________ fought alcoholism and was a major reform movement.

Henry Clay

________ was speaker of the house.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Proclamation that countries of the Western Hemisphere "are not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers."

Removal Act of 1830

Congressional act that authorized the removal of all Native American tribes east of the Mississippi to the west

The Liberator

Sbolitionist newspaper begun by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831

Spoils system

System used heavily during the presidency of Andrew Jackson whereby political supporters of the winning candidate are given jobs in the government

Nullification

In reaction to tariff legislation passed in 1828, the South Carolina legislature explored the possibility of nullification, by which individual states could rule on the constitutionality of federal laws

Whig Party

Political party that emerged in the 1830s in opposition to the Democratic Party

1790s

Beginning of Second Great Awakening

1816

Second Bank of United States chartered

1816

Election of James Monroe

1819

Panic of 1819

1820

Missouri Compromise

1820

Reelection of James Monroe

1820s

Growth of New England textile mills

1823

Monroe Doctrine

1824

Proposal by President Monroe to move Native Americans west of the Mississippi River

1825

John Quincy Adams elected president by House of Representatives

1828

Andrew Jackson elected president

1830

Passage of Indian Removal Act in Congress

1830

Webster-Hayne Debate

1830s

Growth of the Whig Party

1831

Cherokee nation goes to court to defend tribal rights in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia First issue of William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator published

1832

Andrew Jackson reelected

1832

Nullification crisis after nullification of tariffs by South Carolina

1834

First strike of women textile workers in Lowell, Massachusetts

1836

Democrat Martin Van Buren elected president

1840

Whig William Henry Harrison elected president

1841

William Henry Harrison dies after one month in office, and Vice President John Tyler becomes president

Lowell, Massachusetts

This was a center of the American textile industry.

Panic of 1819

It was caused by changes in the international economy after the Napoleonic Wars and inflationary policies by branches of the Second Bank of the United States speculating on land sales.

Removal Act of 1830

This allowed Congress and Jackson to negotiate the removal of tribes east of the Mississippi.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

In 1831's ________, Chief Justice John Marshall questioned the Cherokee's legal status in American courts.

Worcester v. Georgia

In ________ (1832), Marshall upheld the Cherokee's treaty-granted land rights.

Transportation

This revolutionized economic growth.

National Road

Steamboats traveled America's great rivers on the federally built __________.

Erie Canal

Canal building increased after this was built.

Second Great Awakening

This emphasized a more personal, emotional approach to traditional religion.

Charles Grandison Finney

Timothy Dwight

They preached to large crowds nationwide about the Second Great Awakening

Revival meetings

This meetings across the nation inspired public conversions, emotional outbursts, and tongue-speaking.

Benevolent Empire

Evangelical Christianity's "______" of missionary organizations had more women volunteers.

Dorothea Dix

She was famous in the 1830s and 1840s for her efforts to improve mental health care in states.

Horace Mann

He promoted universal public education and teacher training.

anti-slavery

The evangelical Christian temperance movement also fueled _______ sentiment.

William Lloyd Garrison

He was the founder, and editor of *the Liberator*, was an outspoken abolitionist.

Democracy in America

Alexis de Tocqueville, an aristocratic French visitor, was inspired to write *________* by this egalitarian spirit.

John Quincy Adams

He won as the President in Election of 1824.

Andrew Jackson

He won as the President in Election of 1828.

Old Hickory

Andrew Jackson’s fans called him..

Jeffersonian America

Jackson believed in a ______ ruled by self-sufficient yeoman farmers.

Roger B. Taney

After John Marshall's death in 1835, Jackson appointed _____ as Supreme Court chief justice.

John C. Calhoun

Jackson's vice-president from South Carolina, developed this nullification theory.

Tariff of Abominations

Southern leaders termed the Tariff of 1828 the “__________.”

Webster-Hayne Debate

In the ________, Daniel Webster eloquently stated that nullification would result in "states dissevered, discordant, belligerent; on a land rent with civil feuds, or drenched... in fraternal blood!"

**Force Act**

Jackson prepared to enforce the law in South Carolina with troops and federal marshals. Congress passed a __________ supporting this action.

Second Bank

Jackson's next major crisis involved the 1816-chartered __________ of the United States.

Bank

This issued bank notes that served as a de facto national paper currency and regulated state banks and credit.

Nicholas Biddle

He had managed the Bank since 1823.

pet banks

In 1833, Jackson withdrew federal money from the Bank and put it in state banks, which his opponents called "_________."

active government

Whigs supported the _____, while Democrats supported Jeffersonian limited government.

Manifest Destiny

Whigs were more business-minded and less land-hungry than Democrats, and they were warier of ______.

Abraham Lincoln

Wealthy businessmen and planters supported the Whig Party, as did ambitious young men like _____.

William Henry Harrison

In 1840, the Whigs nominated ______ for president.

**Martin Van Buren**

In 1836, **_________** Jackson's successor, won. The Panic of 1837 weakened Democratic economic policy.