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European Colonization
Process of European nations establishing settlements in the Americas for various motives and methods.
Spanish Colonization
Focused on extracting wealth through cash crops, gold, and silver, converting natives to Christianity, and implementing a caste system.
French Colonization
Emphasized trade over conquest, especially in fish and fur trade, with few settlers marrying Native Americans for economic partnerships.
Dutch Colonization
Established fur trading centers for economic gains, showed little interest in converting natives, and set up New Amsterdam for trade.
British Colonization
Motivated by economic opportunities, land expansion, religious freedom, and improved living conditions.
Jamestown
First British permanent colony in North America, financed by a joint stock company, initially focused on gold and silver mining.
Tobacco Cultivation
Revolutionized Jamestown's fortune, attracting investment and labor from indentured servants.
Indentured Servants
Labor system where individuals worked for a set period to pay for passage to the colonies.
Bacon's Rebellion
Uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor Berkeley due to lack of protection from Native American raids.
New England Colonies
Settled by Pilgrims seeking religious freedom, established thriving agricultural and commercial economies.
British West Indies
Colonies in the Caribbean growing tobacco and later sugarcane, heavily reliant on African slave labor.
Mercantilism
Economic system focusing on accumulating wealth through favorable trade balances and colonial resources.
Navigation Acts
Laws requiring trade with English colonies and ships, contributing to the growth of the British Empire.
Triangular Trade
Trade route involving rum, enslaved people, and sugar cane between New England, West Africa, and the West Indies.
Slavery in British Colonies
Enslaved Africans forced into labor in export economies, perpetuated through strict slave codes and chattel slavery.
Stono Rebellion
Significant slave rebellion in South Carolina in 1739, showcasing resistance against the institution of slavery.
Metacom's War
Wampanoag chief led attacks against British in New England
Enlightenment
Movement emphasizing rational thinking over tradition and religious revelation
Natural Rights
Inborn rights from a creator, not government
Three Branches of Government
Legislative, executive, judicial for power balance
Social Contract
People give power to government for protection of natural rights
New Light Clergy
Christian ministers preaching against enlightenment's loss of faith
Great Awakening
Religious revival in colonies led by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitfield
Anglicanization
Colonies becoming more English
Impressment
Seizing colonial men for forced service in the Royal Navy
Note 
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