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genetic code
informational key in which mRNA sequence can be translated into sequence of amino acids to create the protein expressed by the gene
codon
triplet code - sequence of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a single amino acid in protein
why is genetic code redundant but not ambiguous
multiple codons code for the same amino acid. not ambiguous because each codon codes for only specific amino acid
start codon
AUG - signals the beginning of translation - codes for methionine.
stop codon
UAA, UAG, and UGA - signals termination of protein synthesis
structure of tRNA
Di typical secondary structure with an anticodon that’s complementary to mRNA codon
3’ end where amino acids attach - each tRNA carries a specific amino acid that corresponds to anticodon = when attached tRNA is charged
no tRNA corresponds to any stop codons
open reading frame
region of DNA sequence that can be translated into a protein - continuous sequence of codons starting with a start codon and ending with stop codon