Understanding Tooth Surfaces and Their Functions

Axial surface

Refers to all tooth surfaces that are vertical and parallel to the long axis of the tooth.

Labial

Surface of an anterior tooth closest to the lips.

Buccal

Surface of a posterior tooth closest to the cheek.

Palatal

Surface closest to the palate, also known as lingual surface of maxillary teeth.

Vestibular

Area between teeth and cheeks/lips; often used instead of facial, buccal, or labial.

Proximal surface

Surface next to an adjacent tooth, including mesial and distal surfaces.

Mesial

Surface closest to the midline in maxillary and mandibular teeth.

Distal

Surface furthest away from the midline in maxillary and mandibular teeth.

Interproximal space

Area between two adjacent teeth or between two proximal surfaces.

Masticatory surfaces

Horizontal surfaces of teeth used for biting, tearing, chewing, and grinding.

Incisal

Biting edge of an anterior tooth, also known as incisal edge or surface.

Occlusal

Chewing surfaces of posterior teeth.