IB Environmental Systems and Societies Topic 2: Ecology

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/54

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

55 Terms

1
New cards

Species

a group of organisms sharing common characteristics that can interbreed and produce offsprings that can also interbreed and produce young.

2
New cards

Population

a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time, and which are able to interbreed.

3
New cards

Habitat

the environment in which a species normally lives

4
New cards

Niche

where ,when and how an organism lives.

5
New cards

Fundamental Niche

full potential of where, when and how a species can exist.

6
New cards

Realized Niche

where, when how the species actually exist.

7
New cards

Abiotic Factors

non-living parts of the environment. Such as factors that determine the fundamental and realized niche.

8
New cards

Biotic Factors

the living part of the environment. Interactions between organisms are also [...].

9
New cards

Predation

when one animal hunts and eats another organism

10
New cards

Predator-Prey Relationship

The interaction between predator and prey.

11
New cards

Herbivory

an interaction where an animal feeds on plant.

12
New cards

Parasitism

an organism that benefits at the expense of another from which it derives food.

13
New cards

Pathogen

An organism that causes disease

14
New cards

Mutualism

when both species benefit from the relationship.

15
New cards

Intraspecific Competition

competition within the same species

16
New cards

Interspecific Competition

competition between different species.

17
New cards

S-Population Curve

a curve that shows initial rapid growth and then slows down as the carrying capacity is reached.

18
New cards

J-Population Curve

curve where the exponential growth is an increasing or accelerating rate of growth.

19
New cards

Limiting Factors

factors that limit the distribution or numbers of a particular population. [...] within the environment tend to slow down population growth.

20
New cards

Community

many species living together.

21
New cards

Ecosystem

a community of interdependent organisms and the physical environment they inhabit.

22
New cards

Photosynthesis

the flow where light energy is converted into chemical energy and is then stored in biomass.

23
New cards

Respiration

the conversion of organic matter into carbon dioxide and water in all living organisms releasing energy.

24
New cards

Producers

an organism that is able to produce its own food from inorganic substances.

25
New cards

Consumers

organisms that cannot make their own food eat other organisms to obtain energy and matter.

26
New cards

Decomposers

organisms that obtain their food and nutrients from the breakdown of dead organic matter.

27
New cards

Trophic Level

the position that an organism occupies in the food chain

28
New cards

Pyramid of Numbers

the model that records the number of individuals at each trophic level coexisting in an ecosystem.

29
New cards

Pyramid of Biomass

the model that represents the biological mass of the standing stock at each trophic.

30
New cards

Pyramid of Productivity

shows that flows of energy through each trophic level of the food chain over a period of time.

31
New cards

Bioaccumulation

the retention or build-up of non-biodegradable or slowly biodegradable chemicals in the body.

32
New cards

Biomagnification

the process whereby the concentration of a chemical increases at each trophic level.

33
New cards

Primary Productivity

the gain by producers in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time.

34
New cards

Secondary Productivity

the biomass gained by heterotrophic organisms through feeding and absorbed, measured in units of mass or energy per unit area per unit time.

35
New cards

Gross Productivity

the total gain in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time.

36
New cards

Net Productivity

the gain in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time remaining after allowing for respiratory losses.

37
New cards

Gross Primary Productivity

the mass of glucose created by photosynthesis per unit area per unit time in primary producers.

38
New cards

Net Primary Productivity

the gain by producers in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time remaining after allowing for respiratory losses.

39
New cards

Gross Secondary Productivity

the total energy or biomass assimilated by consumers and is calculated by subtracting the mass of faecal loss from the mass of food consumed.

40
New cards

Net Secondary Productivity

the gain by consumers in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time remaining after respiratory loss.

41
New cards

Maximum Sustainable Yield

the maximum flow of a given resource such that the stock does not decline over time.

42
New cards

Biomes

collections of ecosystems sharing similar climatic conditions.

43
New cards

Insolation

the amount of solar radiation reaching a given area.

44
New cards

Precipitation

rain, snow or hail

45
New cards

Climate Change

refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth

46
New cards

Succession

the change over time in an ecosystem involving pioneer, intermediate, and climax communities.

47
New cards

Diversity

It is the variation in the ecosystems found in a region or the variation in ecosystems over the whole planet.

48
New cards

r-Strategist Species

species that grow and mature quickly, have small offspring

49
New cards

K-Strategist Species

species that grow gradually and produce few but large offspring that also mature slowly.

50
New cards

C- Strategist Species

species that lie between r-strategist Species and K-strategist Species.

51
New cards

PH

is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

52
New cards

Temperature

the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object

53
New cards

Turbidity

the cloudiness or haziness of fluid, it affects the penetration of sunlight into water and rates of photosynthesis.

54
New cards

Population Density

the number of individuals of each species per unit area.

55
New cards

Species Diversity

number of species and their relative abundance in a given area or sample.