[REVIEW] DOSAGE FORMS AND EXCIPIENTS

dusting powders

locally applied powders without systemic action

douche

dissolved in warm water as cleansing agent for body cavity

insufflators

blown into body cavities

triturations

10% dilutions of potent powdered drugs

white bond paper

opaque, no moisture resistance

glassine

transparent, moisture-resistant

vegetable parchment

thin, semi-opaque

waxed

transparent waterproof

12-16%

moisture content of hard gelatin capsules

6-10%

moisture content of soft gel capsules

000

largest capsule size

5

smallest capsule size

cocoa

most common base for rectal suppository

wecobee

suppository base from coconut

witepsol

c12-c18 suppository base, primarily lauric acid

water-soluble base

type of suppository base of PEG

oleaginous

type of ointment base: petrolatum

oleaginous

type of ointment ase: yellow and white wax

oleaginous

type of ointment base: white ointment

absorption

type of ointment base: hydrophilic petrolatum

absorption

type of ointment base: anhydrous lanolin/woolfat

water-removable

types of ointment base: hydrophilic ointment

water-soluble

type of ointment base: PEG

o/w

type of cream base: vanishing cream

cold cream

type of cream base: petrolatum rose water ointment (aka cold cream)

gels

small inorganic particles or large organic molecules DISPERSED throughout liquid vehicle

pastes

semi-solid preparations applied on skin and contain large amount of solid

plasters

solid/semisolid adhesive mass on backing of paper/fabric etc

40%

percent of gelatin in glycerogelatin

35%

percent of water in glycerogelatin

15%

percent of gelatin in glycerogelatin

10%

percent of active in glycerogelatin

poultice

other name of cataplasm

cataplasm

soft, moist masses of meal, herbs, seeds etc

occlusive backing

part of TDDS that prevents water and drug loss

drug matrix

part of TDDS that stores API

adhesive layer

part of TDDS that ensures continuous drug absorption

release liner

part of TDDS removed to enable drug release

scopolamine

active ingredient in first TDDS developed

<1

part of solvent: very soluble

1-10

part of solvent: freely soluble

10-30

part of solvent: soluble

30-100

part of solvent: sparingly

100-1000

part of solvent: slightly

1000-1000

part of solvent: very slightly

>10,000

part of solvent: practically insoluble

astringent

locally applied solutions that precipitate proteins and cause constriction of the skin

3%

percent of peroxide in 10 volumes

6%

percent of peroxide in 20 volumes

enemas

rectal solutions

gargles

for pharynx and nasopharynx

mouthwash

for cleansing mouth or oral cavity

85%

percent by volume of simple syrup

65%

percent by weight o symple syrup

inversion

problem with preparing syrup using heat

mucilage

thick, viscid, adhesive liquid

jellies

gels where the matrix contains high water content

elixir

clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic

tincture

hydroalcoholic solutions from vegetable drug or chemical substance

essences

other name for spirit

spirit

hydroalcoholic solutions of volatiel oil

brandy

spiritus vini vitis

whisky

spiritus frumenti

fluidextract

100% tinctures

embrocation

other name of liniment

liniment

alcoholic or oleaginous solutions for RUBBING

alcoholic

liniment for penetrating action

oleaginous

liniment for massage

collodion

liquid from pyroxylin and some acids

nitrocellulose/ cellulose tetranitrate

chemical composition of pyroxylin

nitric and sulfuric

acids used for preparation of collodion

castor oil (3%)

makes collodion flexible

camphor (2%)

makes collodion waterproof

pilular

description of extract where NEARLY all solvent is removed

powdered

extract where ALL solvent is removed

imbibition

absorption of water but no size change

swelling

absorption of water but with size change

syneresis

gel shrinks

xerogel

gel when matrix is gone and the framework remains

magmas and milk

two-phased gels with whitish color

lotions

liquid suspensions applied externally on body

mixtures

liquid preparations with one or more active ingredient in a liquid vehicle

emulsion

two phase systems of TWO immiscible LIQUIDS

suspension

two phase system of a SOLID that is not soluble in a LIQUID phase

highly resistant borosilicate

type I glass

treated soda-lime

type II glass

soda-lime

type III glass

general purpose soda-lime

type IV glass

thermoplastic

plastics that soften when heated and hard when cooled

thermoset

permanently hard plastics

PET, for beverages

type 1 plastic and use

HDPE, for solid dosage forms

type 2 plastic and use

PVC, for blister packs

type 3 plastic and use

LDPE, for medicine droppers

type 4 plastic and use

PP, microwaveable

type 5 plastic and use

binder

imparts cohesiveness to powders

disintegrant

facilitates breakup of a tablet when in contact with water

lubricant

facilitates ejection from die cavity

anti-adherent

reduces sticking to punch or die

glidant

enhances flow