Cosmetology Anatomy & Physiology

Study of the human body and the structures

Anatomy

Study of the functions of the body

Physiology

Study of tiny structures found in tissues ; AKA microscopic anatomy

Histology

Basic unit of all living things

Cell

What does the cell structure consist of?

Protoplasm, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane

Colorless jellylike substance found in cells

Protoplasm

Control center of the cell

Nucleus

Surrounds nucleus and is a watery fluid for growth, reproductions, and repair

Cytoplasm

Encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell

Cell membrane

Cell reproduction; when the cell divides into two daughter cells

Mitosis

What are the two phases of metabolism?

Anabolism and Catabolism

Chemical process that takes place in living organisms through which cells are nourished

Metabolism

Process of building up molecules

Anabolism

Process of breaking down molecules

Catabolism

Fibrous tissue binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body

Connective tissue

Protective tissue such as skin, tissue inside the mouth, digestive and respiratory

Epithelial tissue

Contracts and moves various body parts

Muscle tissue

Carries messages to and from the brain. Coordinates and controls all bodily functions

Nerve tissue

Technical term for fat giving contour to the body

Adipose

Structures composing of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals

Organs

Groups of organs actively together perform one or more functions. There are 11 of these in the body

Body systems

Covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system in place; contracts and moves various parts of the body

Muscular system

Enables breathing, supplying the body with oxygen, and eliminating carbon dioxide as a waste product; consists of the lungs and its passages

Respiratory system

Breaks down foods into nutrients and waste; consists of mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and other organs

Digestive system

Gives shape and support. Protects the structures and the organs and serves as attachments for muscles

Skeletal system

Controls steady circulation through the body by means of heart and blood vessels

Circulatory system

Produces offspring and passes on the genetic code from one generation to another

Reproductive system

Affects the growth, development, sexual functions and health of the entire body; consists of specialized glands

Endocrine system

Purifies the body by eliminating all waste matter; consists of the kidney, liver, skin, large intestines and lungs

Excretory system

Controls and coordinates all other systems of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently. It is composed of the brain, spinal cord and nerves

Nervous system

Serves as a protecting covering and helps regulate the body's temperature. It consists of the skin and accessory organs such as oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails

Integumentary system

Protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease causing toxins

Lymphatic/Immune system

Muscular system; the muscle that covers the bridge of the nose

Procerus

Muscular system; muscles that straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to form a straight line

Extensors

Muscular system, the scalp muscle responsible for drawing the scalp forward

Frontalis

The study of the nature, structure, function and disease of the muscles

Mycology

Muscular system; the muscles of mastication

Medial Pterygoid, Temporalis, Masseter

Muscular system; muscles that are voluntary or consciously controlled

Striated Muscle

Muscular system; the muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head

Sternocleidomastoideus

Muscular system; the muscle that originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down

Peroneus Brevis

Muscular system; the broad muscle that covers the top of the skull

Epicranius

In massage, pressure is directed from ...?

Insertion to origin

Muscular system; the ring muscle of the eye socket that controls the ability to close ones eyes

Orbicularis Oculi

Muscles are responsible for what perrcentage of the body's weight?

40%

Muscular system; muscle found in the heart but not in other parts of the body

Cardiac Muscle

Muscular system; muscle that draws the scalp backward

Occipitalis

Muscular system; muscles of the chest that assist in the swinging movement of the arms

Pectoralis

Muscular system; muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing

Diaphragm

Muscular system; the extensor muscles involved with the bending of the wrist

Flexors

Muscular system; muscle of the mouth thatbdraws the corners of the mouth back and out

Risorius Muscle

Part of the muscle that doesn't move

Origin

Digestive system; chemicals that change food into a soluble form that can be used by the body

Digestive Enzymes

Skeletal system; light, spongy bone between the eye sockets

Ethmoid Bone

Skeletal system; the bone that forms the forehead

Frontal Bone

Skeletal system; two bones that form the bridge of the nose

Nasal Bones

Skeletal system; the bone of the cranium that forms the back of the skull above the nape

Occipital Bone

Skeletal system; the largest and strongest bone of the face

Mandible

Skeletal system; 2 bones that form the sides and top of the cranium

Parietal Bones

Skeletal system; another name for wrist

Carpus

How many bones are in the foot?

26

Skeletal system; the largest bone of the arm, extending down from the elbow to the shoulder

Humerus

Skeletal system; forms the kneecap joint

Patella

The study of anatomy, structure, and function of the bones

Osteology

Skeletal system; the flay bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs

Sternum

Skeletal system; the U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles

Hyoid Bone

The muscular is one of these

Toe Phalanges

Skeletal system; the connection between 2 or more bones of the skeleton

Joint

What does not compose the ankle joint?

Femur

Skeletal system; with exception of the teeth, hardest tissue in the body

Bone

Skeletal system; small, thin bones lscted at the inner wall of the orbits

Lacrimal Bones

Skeletal system; the skull is divided into 2 parts, the cranium, which protects the brain, and the ....

Facial Skeleton

Skeletal system; the inner and larger bone of the fore arm located on the side of the little finger

Ulna

Circulatory system; collects blood from the capillaries and drains it into veins

Arteriole

Circulatory system; the heart is enclosed in a double membrane sac known as ....

Pericardium

Circulatory system; blood plasma found in the spaces between tissue cells

Interstitial Fluid

Circulatory system; contributes to the blood clotting process

Platelets

Circulatory system; NOT a major artery that supplies blood to lower leg and foot

Posterior Auricular Artery

Circulatory system; artery that supplies blood to the brain, eyelids, eyes, forehead, nose and internal ear

Internal Carotid

Approximately how many pints of blood are in the body?

8 to 10

Favorable conditions for mitosis include suitable temperatures, ability to eliminate waste, and adequate supply of ...

Food, oxygen, and water

The functionof white blood cells is to destroy disease causing ....

Bacteria

Endocrine system; specialized organs that remove elements from the blood and convert them into new compounds

Glands

Endocrine system; endocrine gland that controls metabolism

Thyroid

Excretory system; NOT an example of connective tissue

Skin

Excretory system; body organ that removes waste created by digestion

Liver

Nervous system; located at the side of the neck

Greater Auricular Nerve

Nervous system; nerve tissue composed of special cells that makeup nerves, brain, and spinal cord

Neurons

Nervous system; an automatic nerve reaction to a stimulus that produces movement

Reflex

Nervous system; sensory nerve endings located close to the surface of the skin

Receptors

Nervous system; sensory nerve of the face that controls the muscles involved with chewing

Fifth Cranial Nerve, Trigeminal Nerve, Trifacial Nerve

Nervous system; nerves that carry impulses from the brain to the muscles

Motor Nerves

Nervous system; the portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain and extends down the lower trunk

Spinal Cord

Nervous system; the nervous system that carries impulses or messages to the central nervous system

Peripheral Nervous System

Scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system

Neurology

Nervous system; a branch of the fifth cranial nerve affected by massage

Mental Nerve

Nervous system; nervous system that controls are voluntary muscle actions

Autonomic Nervous System

Nervous system; nerve of the Lowe leg and foot. AKA anterior tibial nerve

Deep Peroneal Nerve

Nervous system; a tree-like branching of nerve fibers

Dendrites