Police and Society Final

Community-based approaches

operates on the logic that we need to capitalize on community resources to identify and control crime.

The objective of person-based approaches is to:

prevent and deter specific crimes by known offenders

Directed patrol

is proactive, uses the uncommitted time for a specified activity, and is based on crime and problem analysis.

Kansas City Gun Experiment

indicated that increased seizures of illegal guns in a

high-crime area can reduce violent gun crimes

Intelligence-led policing

This strategy incorporates intelligence analysis in the deployment of specialized units and regular

patrol officers and emphasizes real-time crime analysis.

Hot spot policing

Although it did not reduce serious crime, it did have a modest effect on disorder. This statement

comes from a study of

Quality-of-life policing

target(s) the reduction of physical (e.g., graffiti) and social (e.g.,prostitution) disorder to reduce serious crime

Gang-related violence

The cease-fire strategy was directed at what?

sociological perspective

emphasizes the social context in which police officers are hired and trained and in which police–citizen interactions occur

Psychological perspective

In the attempt to explain police behavior, this perspective is concerned with the nature of the “police personality”

service style

police see themselves as providing a product that the community wants

watchman style

In the varieties of police behavior, this style,___, affords the officer a great deal of latitude in how to handle certain problems. It may include doing nothing at all.

Predispositional theory

The behavior of a police officer is explained by the characteristics, values, and attitudes that the individual officer had before becoming a police officer. This is known as what?

Knapp Commission

This investigative body looked at corruption in the New York City Police Department in the 1960s and 1970s:

Meat eater

In the typology of deviant officers, these officers actively seek out opportunities for corruption:

Straight shooters

In the typology of deviant officers, these officers are honest but willing to overlook some of the indiscretions of other officers:

environmental and organizational (departmental)

Two categories of factors that may explain variation in the frequency with which police use

deadly force are

Type 1 conflicts

the law and departmental policy may consider the police use of force to be appropriate, but a substantial segment of the community does not

Type 2 conflict

This type of conflict occurs when there are differences between law and departmental policy:

An officer’s behavior meets the expectations of some segments of the community but is inconsistent with both law and departmental policy

How is type 3 conflict best described

Excessive force and police brutality fall on different points of the use of force continuum

False

What is a specific statement that identifies required or prohibited behaviors by officers?

Rule

Departmental policy

This is a general statement that gives guidance to police officers as to the proper course of action:

Unfounded complaints

are those that the investigation determines did not occur as alleged by the complainant

Unsubstantiated complaints

are ones that, in the opinion of those making the decision, have no supporting or exonerating evidence and so cannot be considered either true or false.

Less than 1 percent

of citizens complain about police methods and behavior

“Dirty Harry” problem that

In their day-to-day practice, police confront what is widely called the ___ problem that is, a conflict between means and ends.

Egoism

According to this ethical perspective, what is good is that which results in the greatest benefits for me:

Ethical utilitarianism

According to this ethical perspective, it is the results of one’s actions that determine what is moral and good

Ethical relativism

Elements of community policing are consistent with which ethical framework

Goal

This is a general statement of purpose that is useful in identifying the role and mission of the police:

An objective

is a more specific and measurable statement of purpose that is related to a goal.

What is empirical evidence?

It is based on the opinions of individuals who have strong political beliefs about the importance of diversity

Testimonial evidence

is based on the opinions of individuals who have strong political beliefs about the importance of diversity or whose experience has led them to believe that a diverse department is either more or less effective.

Quid pro quo harassment requires the employee to choose between the job and the sexual demands

true

Which of the following statements is true concerning African American police officers?

All of the above statements are true

Double marginality

black officers being significantly more likely to arrest black citizens that white officers

Emotional reactions

These common types of reaction to stress in policing include fear, guilt, anger, and sadness:

Arrest situation

For police officers feloniously killed in the line of duty, which of the following was the primary circumstance?

Chronic stress

that which deals with the low-level, gradual stress that includes the day-to-day routine of the job