Quiz 1 Study Materials

Tenniel

Alice and wonderland guy

Dore

divine comedy and high contrast guy

Audubon

bird guy

Rosetti

pre-raphaelite brotherhood guy

Morris

nice patterns

Grandville

anthro guy

Nast

political guy , every candidate he supported won, created uncle sam design

Beardsley

negative space guy

Nok Sculpture

Part of African art

Celtic Art

lots of swirls

Persian Miniature

Islamic art that did not forbid the human figure

Gothic

Japanese Woodblock

PreRaphaelite Brotherhood

-Dismissing the requirements of “fine” art that dominated since Raphael (Renaissance)
- Natural detail, every single leaf on a plant
- Observation AND photographic reference
- Full picture plane, as if the image will be engraved
- Love Ophelia, tragic Romantic stories

Special Correspondents

Civil War artists who mailed their work to publications via special
delivery. Worked for the two major newspapers: Harper’s and Leslie’s

Lithograph

soft, expressive linework directly by the artist

Woodcut

(or wood engraving) – bold, harsh lines, no gradation

Copperplate Engraving

finely detailed linework,subtle gradation

Stele

stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide. Commemorative.

Hellenism

admiration for / imitation of the ideas, style, or culture of classical Greek civilization

Silk Road:

4,000 mile network of trade routes that connected Eastern and Western Eurasia, allowing transfer of goods, ideas, and aesthetics from 200 BCE – 1500s AD

Arabesque

rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and interlacing lines in Islamic art: repetition shows the infinite nature of God.

Scientific Revolution

_Comparative Anatomy (Man's anatomy is very similar to animals)
– Earth Moves Around Sun
– Isaac Newton, laws of physics + gravity

Enlightenment

Reason, liberty, democracy, and order valued above all else. Classical Antiquity is seen as the height of civilization

Mandala

a chart, diagram, or geometric pattern that represents the universe

African Art

Power, imagination. Disregard for anatomy. Design > realism

Logogram

a sign or character representing a word or phrase, used in Mesoamerican art

Gutenberg Press

Developed in 1440, dramatically sped up reproduction time for books;
beginning of the end of Illuminated Manuscripts

Wood and Copperplate Engraving

Main illustration technique for 500 years.

Industrial Revolution

1850. Beginning of life based on commerce, mass production, and
materialism instead of spiritual & natural beauty

Prompts several stylistic reactions:
– Romanticism
– Realism
– The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
– The Arts and Crafts Movement

Japan Opens for Trade

1850.
– Japanese woodblock prints, with flat, graphic depictions, open space, planar perspective,
and high horizons, spread around the West
– Western cultural influence spreads through Japan

Romanticism

Reaction to Industrial Revolution; a longing for the days of antiquity.
Mythological and legendary subject matter with particular regard for the hero and heroine: same
time period as Neoclassical art, but very different stories and focus

Arts and Crafts Movement

believed that hand crafted objects were superior to those made
by machine and that the rural craftsman had a superior lifestyle to those who slaved in the urban mills and factories. Handmade > Mass-Produced.

Currier and Ives

Lithographic Print producing company that chronicled life in the 19th century

Reading Industry

1800s: the decreasing cost of publishing and the increased capacity for
travel via the invention of tracks, engines, and the corresponding railway distribution
- Cheaper and faster to print large quantities
- Ad revenue decreased costs to the consumer
- Ability for literature to be circulated on a large scale
- Increased literacy due to easier access

Penny Press

New printing technology dramatically sped up the printing process = increased
newspaper circulation. Cheap, interesting literature = increased literacy = larger market.

Ad Revenue

-gave newspapers autonomy; not reliant on personal wealth to start production.
- Fewer socioeconomic barriers to publication = more differing viewpoints were published.

Hogarth's Act

Engraver's Copyright Act (1735) The first copyright law to deal with visual
works as well as the first to recognize the authorial rights of an individual artis

Two major competing illustration-heavy newspapers

Harper & Brothers
Frank Leslies Illustrated News

Penny Dreadful

late 1800s; cheap popular serial horror stories. Precursor to pulp fiction,
along with story papers

Photomechanical Reproduction

1890

Allowed illustration to be directly reproduced in print.
Killed Engraving. ***Opened the way for individual illustration styles