Jose Rizal Annotation

Who was Antonio de Morga?

A Spanish lawyer and high-ranking colonial official who served as lieutenant-governor of the Philippines from 1595-1598

What is the English translation of 'Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas'?

Events in the Philippine Islands

In what year was Antonio de Morga's 'Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas' published?

1609

Why is Morga's 'Sucesos' considered one of the best accounts of Spanish colonialism during its period?

It was based on documentary research, keen observation, and Morga's personal involvement and knowledge

In a letter to Ferdinand Blumentritt, what did Rizal state was the reason he couldn't write a complete history of the Philippines himself?

He felt he didn't know enough, hadn't read enough books, libraries in Spain were closed to him, and his narrative would be suspected of partisan spirit

What was the first of Rizal's three main goals in his dedication for annotating Morga's work?

To awaken in the Filipinos a consciousness of their past, which had been erased from memory

What was the second of Rizal's three main goals in his dedication for annotating Morga's work?

To correct what has been distorted and falsified concerning the Filipinos

What was the third of Rizal's three main goals in his dedication for annotating Morga's work?

To better judge the present and assess the movement of the Filipino people over three centuries

According to the source, what was the Spanish attitude or 'TONO' towards Filipinos who began to assert themselves as equals in the 19th century?

They were considered ungrateful ('ingrata' or 'walang utang na loob')

How did Antonio de Morga describe the daily fare of the 'indios'?

It consisted of rice (morisqueta), abundant cooked fish, pork, venison, carabao, and beef

What specific Filipino food did Morga claim was best when it 'has started to rot and stink'?

A type of fish preparation (Bagoong)

In his annotation, what Filipino food did Rizal identify as the fish Morga claimed was rotten, and how did he defend it?

Rizal identified it as bagoong and stated that those who have tasted it know it is salted and fermented, not rotten

What analogy did Rizal use to counter the Spanish disgust for Filipino food like bagoong?

He compared it to English horror of snails, Spanish repugnance for roast beef, and Chinese dislike of Roquefort cheese

During a 'pacification' campaign in Mindanao, who was the Spanish Captain-General killed by a native warrior?

Esteban Rodriguez de Figueroa

Who was the native warrior from Mindanao that killed Captain-General Esteban Rodriguez de Figueroa?

Ubal

How did Rizal counter the accusation that Ubal was a 'traitor' for killing a Spanish captain?

Rizal argued the Buhayahanes were defending their own land from a powerful invader and had not declared war on the Spaniards

Rizal's deconstruction of colonial discourse exposed and critiqued the '_____' embedded in Spanish narratives.

white mythologies

What are four words identified in the source that colonial discourse used to mask violence and attribute it to the natives?

Pacify, entrust, treachery, and piracy

Rizal's work on history served as a weapon to combat the colonial power's pretensions to _____.

beneficence

Besides explaining the contemporary situation, what did Rizal's historical work provide a picture of?

A glorious past destroyed by Spanish intrusion

What pre-Hispanic skill did Bonifacio highlight in his perspective on Philippine history?

Young and old, including women, knew how to read and write in their own native writing system

According to Bonifacio's historical view, how was life for Filipinos before the Spanish arrival?

They lived in great abundance and prosperity, with harmony and trade with neighboring countries like Japan

What were some pre-colonial Filipino industries that, according to Rizal's annotations, had decayed under Spanish rule?

The growing of rice, the mining of gold, fashioning gold into ornaments, and shipbuilding

Rizal's footnotes on Morga's work antedated Alatas's 1977 work on what specific colonial myth?

The myth of the lazy native