ASVAB General Science, asvab, asvab general science

Mnemonic for classification

King Philip Came Over From Germany Soaked

3 unicellular kingdoms

archaebacteria, eubacteria, Protista

3 multicellular kingdoms

fungi, plantae, animalia

Unicellular kingdom that has nucleus and organelles

Protista

10 animal phyla

porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda, rotifera, annelida, mollusca, arthropoda, echinodermata, chordate

3 muscle types

cardiac, skeletal, smooth

Organ that regulates excretion

kidney

Site where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream

small intestine

Site where water and minerals are absorbed into the body

large intestine

Urinary systems order

kidney (nephron), ureter, bladder, urethra

Throat

pharynx

Voicebox

larynx

Epiglottis

flap covering trachea

Blood leaves the heart to body

left ventricle

Blood enters heart from body

right atrium

Blood leaves heart to lungs

right ventricle

Blood enters heart from lungs

left atrium

Exchange oxygen, nutrients, and wastes with the tissues of the body

capillaries

Arteries

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Veins

carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Universal blood donor

type O

Universal blood recipient

type AB

2 parts of nervous system

central & peripheral

2 parts of peripheral nervous system

somatic & autonomic

2 pats of autonomic nervous system

sympathetic & parasympathetic

Controls all voluntary activities and receives sensory input

cerebrum

Coordinates motor activity

cerebellum

Regulates homeostasis and secrets hormones

hypothalamus

Controls involuntary actions such as breathing and swallowing

medulla

Deficiency causes night blindness, skin infections, loss of appetite, diarrhea

vitamin A

Deficiency causes loss of appetite, beriberi

vitamin B1

Deficiency causes weakness, skin infections

vitamin B2

Deficiency causes anemia, nerve degeneration

vitamin B12

Deficiency causes scurvy

vitamin C

Deficiency causes rickets, tooth decay

vitamin D

Deficiency causes anemia

vitamin E

Deficiency causes excessive bleeding

vitamin K

Sorts and packages proteins

Golgi body

Digest old organelles and foreign substances

lysosomes

Produce energy for the cell

mitochondria

Part of the nucleus that makes ribosomes

nucleolus

Control center of the cell and contains chromosomes

nucleus

Form spindle fibers during cellular division

centrioles

Site of protein synthesis

ribosomes

Makes proteins to be exported out of the cell

rough ER

Makes lipids and detoxifies enzymes

smooth ER

Stores wastes and other materials

vacuole

Phases of mitosis

interphases, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Primitive plants lacking true stems

bryophytes

2 types of tracheophytes

gymnosperms & angiosperms

2 types of angiosperms

monocots & dicots

The area of the earth where all living things exists

biosphere

A large region of the earth

biome

The interaction of living and nonliving things

ecosystem

The area in which a group of populations live

community

A group of individuals that belong to the same species

population

4 geologic time periods

Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

3 marine biome zones

intertidal, neritic, oceanic

4 layers of atmosphere from lowest to highest

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere

Large pieces of space rock

asteroids

Small pieces of space rock and metal

meteoroids

Meteoroids that pass through earth's atmosphere

meteors

Meteors that strike the ground

meteorites

Make up of rock, dusts, methane, and ice

comets

When the moon moves between the sun and earth

solar eclipse

When the earth moves between the sun and moon

lunar eclipse

Freezing point of water (C,F,K)

0, 32, 273.15

Boiling point of water (C,F,K)

100, 212, 373.15

Formula to convert F to C

F=9/5C+32

Formula to convert C to F

C=5/9(F-32)

Formula for momentum

mass x speed

Formula for power

work / time

Formula for speed

distance / time

Electromagnetic spectrum from highest frequency

G, X, UV, visible, IR, microwaves, radiowaves

Atomic number equals

number of protons

Atom that has positive or negative charge

ion

Mass number equals

number of protons and neutrons

Ph higher than 7

base

Ph lower than 7

acid

What are the planets in our solar system from closest to farthest from the sun?

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

In the SI system, _____ is the unit of length, _____ is the unit of time, and _____ is the unit of mass.

meter, or m; seconds, or s; kilogram, or kg

Elements are made up of _____, which are made up of positively charged _____, negatively charged _____, and neutrally charged _____.

atoms; protons; electrons; neutrons

What are the four different blood types?

A, B, AB, and O

What are the planets in our solar system from closest to farthest from the sun?

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

What is the taxonomic rank breakdown from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

Dr. King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti."

What are the major systems that make up the human body?

Nervous System, Circulatory System, Digestive System, Reproductive System, Musculoskeletal System, and the Respiratory System

Meiosis is the process by which _____ cells duplicate and mitosis is the process by which _____ cells duplicate.

sex; somatic/body

Meiosis results in four cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cells. Mitosis results in two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells? How do animal cells differ from plant cells?

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles, including a nucleus containing their genetic material. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane bound organelles and their genetic material floats in the cytoplasm. Animal cells lack a cell wall and chloroplasts; plant cells do not have centrioles or lysosomes.

_____ eat only animals.

_____ eat only plants.

_____ eat both plants and animals.

_____ decompose organic material

Carnivores; Herbivores; Omnivores; Decomposers

What are the five kingdoms?

Plants, Animals, Monerans, Protists, and Fungi

What steps are involved in the scientific method?

Observe a phenomenon or event.

Form a hypothesis about the event.

Formulate predictions based on the hypothesis.

Perform an experiment to test the predictions.

Verify or reformulate the hypothesis based on the results.

Repeat the process.

From closest to farthest of Earth's surface, what are the layers of the atmosphere?

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere

What are the types of clouds and what are the common prefixes preceding them?

Cirrus, Cumulus, and Stratus.

Cirro—indicates elevation above 20,000 feet.

Alto—indicates 6,000-20,000 feet.

Nimbo—or the suffix -nimbus indicates a cloud that produces precipitation.

What is the formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?

How is Celsius converted to Kelvin?

F=(9/5)⋅C+32

K = C + 273.15

Solution A has a pH of 8 and solution B has a pH of 11. Which of the following statements is true?

A Solution A is 1000 times more acidic that solution B.

B Solution A is an acid and solution B is a base.

C Solution B is an acid and solution A is a base.

D Solution B is 1000 times more acidic than solution A.

A

An ice boat glides along the surface of a frozen lake, powered by the wind in its sails. If a 75 kg sailboat experiences an initial acceleration of 6 m/s2 under a moderate wind, what would be the expected acceleration of a 225 kg sailboat with an identical sail, assuming the same net force was delivered?

a 2 m/s2

b 3 m/s2

c 6 m/s2

d 18 m/s2

A

Which layer of the Earth comprises the greatest percent of the planet's volume?

a inner core

b outer core

c mantle

d crust

C

If it is summer in Australia, which of the following months could it be?

a January

b April

c August

d October

A

Which of the following is a biome characterized by very low temperatures and brief growing seasons?

a desert

b tundra

c savanna

d rain forest

B

If an atom of hydrogen were to contain not only a single proton in its nucleus, but also a neutron, this would affect its

a atomic number

b atomic mass

c number of electrons

d overall charge

B

Neutrons have no charge, and they do not affect an atom's atomic number. However, they do affect the overall atomic mass.