Immuno Exam 2 - Intestinal Immunity Chapter 11

what is a collection of bacterial microbes that help us in digestion and absorption of our foods, specifically digestion of carbohydrates into SCFA, within our GI tract and skin

microbiome

where do you find most gut microbes?

large intestine

about 1/2 of fecal material is what?

microbial stuff

communication between the brain-gut-enteric microbiota

gut brain axis

SCFA, especially _________, causes production of Tree cells

butyrate

intestinal epithelial cells produce ______

TGFb

TGF-B promotes

pTregs

pTregs produce

IL-10 and TFG-B

the importance of the microbiome

competes with pathogens, produce a variety of vitamins we absorb, digest indigestible foods, energy source for intestinal cells, talk to immune system

why is it important for our microbiome and immune system to get along?

prevent over-reaction and allow symbiosis

how do we deal with lots of microbes without a massive inflammatory response?

non inflammatory macrophages in lamina propria don't release a great deal of cytokines

How does it slow the inflammatory response down?

IgA can bind invaders in lamina propria and escort them back into lumen

IgA doesn't cause ________ and doesn't bind to and activate ________ cells

inflammation ; immune

normal microbiota produces short-chain FA that promote the formation of what?

pTregs

TLRs on Dis bind specific commensal bacteria, they produce cytokines that do what?

calm immune response

how does the intestinal system known when to turn on the system?

DCs sample lumen directly, TLR5 on DCs detect flagella on pathogens, DCs produce IL-6 which drives Th17 development