AP Biology - Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell

Cell Membrane

Phospholipid bilayer that controls the movement of substances in and out.

Cell Wall

Composed of peptidoglycan (in bacteria); provides structural support and protection.

Cytoplasm

Gel-like substance where metabolic processes occur; contains enzymes, nutrients, and other molecules.

Nucleoid Region

Area containing a single circular chromosome; not enclosed by a membrane.

Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis; smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes (70S vs. 80S).

Plasmids

Small, circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently; often carry genes for antibiotic resistance.

Flagella

Long, whip-like structures used for movement; composed of flagellin.

Pili/Fimbriae

Hair-like projections that help with attachment to surfaces and in bacterial conjugation.

Capsule/Slime Layer

A protective layer outside the cell wall; aids in evasion of the immune response and attachment.