History of Medicine: From Primitive Times to 21st Century Advances

What was the average life span during Primitive Times?

20 years

Who were the primary healers in Primitive Times?

Tribal witch doctors

What surgical procedure was commonly performed in Primitive Times?

Trepanation or trephining

What material did Ancient Egyptians use to document medical knowledge?

Papyrus

What was a common treatment method used by Ancient Egyptians?

Embalming, splinting fractures, and closing wounds

Who were the healers in Ancient China?

Herbal doctors

What philosophy did Ancient Chinese medicine emphasize?

The balance of Yin and Yang

What significant medical advancement did the Ancient Greeks contribute?

First to observe the human body and the effects of disease

What was the average life span during Ancient Roman times?

25-35 years

What did Galen establish regarding body humors?

The body was regulated by four humors: blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile

What was the focus of medicine during the Dark Ages?

Emphasis on saving the soul and custodial care

What major event occurred during the Middle Ages?

The Bubonic Plague killed a third of the population in Europe and Asia

What medical advancement occurred during the Renaissance?

Dissection of the body led to increased understanding of anatomy

What invention in the 18th century improved medical observation?

The microscope

What significant medical discovery was made in the 19th century?

Rapid advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms and anesthesia

What was a major development in the 20th century regarding health care?

Increased knowledge about blood and the discovery of antibiotics

What was the average life span in the 20th century?

80-90 years

What significant project was initiated in the 21st century?

The Human Genome Project to identify human genes

What is the focus of wellness in health care?

Promotion of health through preventative measures and good health habits

What does CAM stand for in healthcare?

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

What is integrative medicine?

A combination of Western medicine with complementary and alternative medicine

What does the term 'Rx' in prescriptions mean?

Derived from the Latin word 'recipe,' meaning 'take'

What was a common treatment method used during the Middle Ages?

Herbal mixtures and faith

What did the invention of the printing press contribute to medicine?

Facilitated the publication of medical knowledge

What was the average life span during the Renaissance?

30-40 years

What was the role of apothecaries in the 16th and 17th centuries?

They made, prescribed, and sold medications

What significant medical technologies were developed in the 20th century?

Kidney Dialysis Machine and Heart Lung Machine