Electric Power Systems Review

Flashcards covering the overview, operations, planning, future outlook, and historical development of Electric Power Systems, with a focus on the Philippine context.

EPS Operations

Primary functions include managing performance of devices to generate and deliver electricity (System Operator) and managing the electricity market (Market Operator). Activities are typically sub-hourly, daily, seasonal, and more or less predictable.

EPS Planning

Activities to ensure compliance of EPS components with standards in the mid to long-term future. These activities are less predictable and involve more uncertainty.

System Operator

An entity responsible for managing the performance of devices used to generate and deliver electricity, also known as a Balancing Authority or Grid Operator.

Market Operator

An entity responsible for managing the market for electricity.

Energy Trilemma

Enegery Security, Reliability and Sustainability

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Energy Security

availability of a reliable energy supply.

Energy Equity

accessibility and affordability of energy.

Environmental Sustainability

environmental impact and sustainability of energy production and consumption.

Power Quality (EPS)

A criterion for EPS operation and planning, ensuring voltage and frequency are near nominal values, balanced voltages, and clean sinusoid waveforms.

Adequacy (EPS)

A criterion for EPS operation and planning, ensuring enough capacity in generation, lines, and transformers.

Reliability (EPS)

A criterion for EPS operation and planning, typically N-1 reliability for transmission and short, localized outages for distribution.

Loadflow Analysis

A technical analysis used to check voltage levels for power quality, efficiency, and for generation planning.

Short Circuit Analysis

A technical analysis used to ensure safe operation during faults and for protection coordination.

Generation Scheduling

An EPS operation activity involving planning when and how much electricity generators will produce.

Ancillary Services

Services necessary to support the transmission of electric power from generation resources to loads, maintaining reliable operation of the transmission system.

Operating Reserves

An ancillary service providing generation capacity that can be called upon quickly to respond to sudden changes in supply or demand.

System Black Start Capability

An ancillary service referring to the ability to independently restart generators after a blackout.

Demand Forecasting

An EPS planning activity involving predicting future electricity demand.

Generation Planning

An EPS planning activity involving determining the required amount and type of future generating capacity.

Transmission Planning

An EPS planning activity involving expanding or upgrading the transmission network to meet future needs.

Decarbonization (EPS)

A key challenge for future Electric Power Systems, focusing on the global push for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction.

Smart Grid

A transmission and distribution network using modern sensing, computational, and communication technologies to improve the reliable and economic functioning of the bulk power system.

Electrochemical Energy Storage

A type of energy storage including Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) like Lithium-Ion, Lead-acid, and Flow batteries.

Mechanical Energy Storage

A type of energy storage including Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES), Flywheel Energy Storage (FES), and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES).

La Electricista

The Sociedad Mercantil that provided the first electricity in the Philippines in 1890 with three electric arc lamps in Escolta, Manila.

National Power Corporation (NPC)

Established in 1936 to develop hydro-electric generation and associated transmission systems; later granted a monopoly in power generation and transmission.

PD 40 (1972)

A Presidential Decree that vertically separated generation-transmission from distribution-retailer, granting NPC a monopoly in building and operating power plants and transmission lines.

EO 215 (1987)

A Presidential Executive Order that liberalized power generation, allowing privately owned Independent Power Producers (IPPs) to build power plants.

Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) / RA 9136 (2001)

Legislation enacted in 2001 to improve the efficiency of the Philippine power sector through functional separation, competition in generation, and other reforms.

Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC)

A quasi-judicial body and energy regulator created by EPIRA in the Philippines.

Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM)

Created by EPIRA to allow competition in the generation sector of the Philippines.

National Transmission Commission

An entity that took over grid ownership and operation from NPC in the Philippines in 2003.

National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP)

On-Grid Transmission

National Renewable Energy Program (Philippines)

A key policy with targets of 35% Renewable Energy generation share by 2030 and 50% by 2040.

Coal Moratorium (Philippines)

A policy stating no new coal projects will be developed in the Philippines.