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What are the different personality traits? Explain them
OCEAN, locus of control, self-esteem, self-monitoring
What is operant learning theory?
behaviour vs. consequences, Law of Effect
How to increase probability of behaviour?
Positive vs. negative reinforcement: positive applies good stimulus when behaviour occurs, negative adds bad stimulus and removes when behaviour occurs
How to decrease probability of behaviour?
Punishment vs. extinction
What is social cognitive theory? It has 3 sub components
our cognitive processes influence learning
Observational learning: observing memorable people
Self-efficacy beliefs: influenced by our experiences, other’s opinions, psychological state
Self-regulation: using learning principles, ex. setting goals through discrepancy
Examples of organizational learning
Organizational learning: OB Mod, Training Programs, employee recognition
3 things to know about perception
Social Identity Theory
Perceptual Process
Perceptual Biases
Examples of perceptual biases
primacy, recency, central traits, implicit personality, projection, stereotyping
How do we assign attributions to people?
Attributional Cues: consistency, consensus, distinctiveness
What are some issues we make in assigning attributions?
Attribution Biases: actor-observer, fundamental attribution error, self-serving bias
Values might differ in cultures according to these 4 things:
4 Cultural Dimensions of Values: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity, individualism/collectivism
Job satisfaction has 2 aspects which are:
Global aspects vs. facets of job satisfaction
What might contribute to job satisfaction?
Contributors: challenging and meaningful work, compensation, opportunities, people
What is the impact of job satisfaction?
Negative: absence, turnover,
Positive: performance, OCB, profit
Fairness is a perception and has 3 kinds:
Distributive fairness (equity theory), procedural, interactional
Organizational commitment types and the impact
Types: Affective, continuance, normative
Influence: performance and turnover
What are need motivation theories
Maslows
ERG: Existence, relatedness, growth
McClelland’s Theory: need for achievement, affiliation, power
Self-determination: autonomous vs. controlled
Process motivation theories
Goal Setting Theory: goal orientations
Expectancy theory: expectancy, instrumentality, valence Equity theory
Org. Justice theory: distributive, interactional, procedural
How does money work as a motivator?
Extrinsic motivator
Individual: piece rate, merit pay/lump sum bonuses
For teams: profit sharing, stock ownership, gainsharing, skill based
The job characteristics model can create intrinsic motivation by
characteristics → psychological states → outcomes (moderators throughout)
characteristics: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, feedback
How do groups develop
5 stages: forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
equilibrium: phase 1, midpoint, phase 2
Some group and task characteristics
Tasks: additive (sum), disjunctive (best), conjunctive (worst), compensatory (avg.)
Group size: depends on task
Diversity: deep vs. surface, homogeneous vs. heterogeneous
Potential process gains
Norms, roles (role conflict and ambiguity), status, cohesiveness
Process losses in groups
social loafing: free rider vs. sucker effect
production blocking, evaluation apprehension, groupthink, group polarization
everything about fucking negotiation
Target vs. resistance points
BATNA
Distributive negotiation: threats and promises, firmness vs. concessions, persuasions
Integrative: information exchange, framing differences as opportunities, cutting costs, inc. resources, superordinate goals
Tips: anchors, small concessions, third party, flinch Settlement: nibble, post settlement settlement
Negotiating better: stick to business with some emotion, take time, questions and listen, research, evaluate thoroughly, focus on interest not winning, walk away if you want to
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