Neuroanatomy (304)

what are the parts of the nervous system?

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

parts of th ecentral nervous system

brain and spinal chord (encased in bone)

parts of peripheral nervous system

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral ganglia

what are ganglia?

a grouping of. cell bodies of neurons

what are meninges

sheaths around brain and spinal chord that protect and support

meningeal layers?(outermost-innermost)

dura mater—>arachnoid membrane—>subarachnoid space—> pia mater

subarachnoid space

gap between pia mater and arachnoid space; filled with cerebral spinal fluid and cerebral arteries

what is the toughest layer of the meninges?

dura mater

name the ventricles?

(2) lateral, third, cerebral aqueduct, fourth

what is the cerebral aqueduct ?

connects the third and fourth ventricals

leptomeninges

the pia mater and arachnoid membrane

which meninges layer is sensitive to pain?

dura mater

where is CSF produced?

choroid plexus

what is the purpose of Cerebral spinal fluid?

protects the brain by proving cushion and buoyancy

arachnoid granulation

a one-way valve for the absorption of CSF into the superior saggital sinus

obstructive hydrocephalus

enlarged ventricles due to a disruption in CSF flow

meningitis

inflammation of the meninges; caused by infection in the subarachnoid space

parts of the FOREbrain

telencephalon and diencephalon

sulcus

shallow groove on surface of brain

fissure

long, narrow opening in brain

gyrus

folds in cerebral cortex

white matter

fatty axons

cerebral cortex

aka grey matter; the outer layer of the cerebrum containing the cell bodies of neurons

primary somatosensory cortex

post central gyrus; receives info from our body’s senses

primary motor cortex

precentral gyrus; involved in control of movement

ares of the cerebral cortex

frontal lobe, parietal lie, temporal lobe, occipital lobe

parts of the diencephalon

thalamus and hypothalamus

thalamus

receives most neural input;

hypothalamus

controls automatic and endocrine systems

neurosecretory cells

secrete hypothalic hormones

parts of the mid brain

tectum and tegmentum

superior and inferior colliculi

4 bumps on dorsal surface of the brain stem

parts of the HINDbrain

metencephalon and myelencephalon

parts of metencephalon

cerebellum and pons

cerebellum

important in motor control and coordination(smoothing);

cerebellar peduncles

bundles of axons that attach the cerebellum’s hemispheres to the pons

pons

large bulge in brain stem

medulla oblongata

lowest part of the brain stem; controls vital functions like respiration

function of spinal chord

collects somatosensory info, distributes motor fibers

dorsal root

carries sensory info INTO spinal chord

ventral root

carries motor info OUT of spinal chord

what are the two parts of the PNS

somatic nervous system and automatic nervous system

somatic nervous system

conscious; control voluntary action and transmits sensory info to the brain

automatic nervous system

unconscious/involuntary sympathetic and parasympathetic