Chapter 3 IPA Vowels (Mono & diphthongs)

~FRONT VOWELS All vowels are lax except [i] n [u]

~Look at chart on p. 34 when studying these~

[i]

high front vowel {tense}, = as in "beat"

[ɪ]

high front vowel, = as in "bit"

[e]

mid front vowel, = as in "bet"

[æ]

low front vowel, = as in "bat"

[ə]

mid central vowel {name: "schwa" always unstressed}: As in the first syllable of: "astound" or final syllable of "tuna"

[ɚ]

mid, central, lax, rounded "Schwar" = schwa + retroflex) unstressed: "pertain, runner, under"

[ʌ]

low-mid, central vowel (stressed version of /ə/) As in "rub, public, flood, button, undone"

[u]

high back vowel: tense, rounded: "good, tool, chew"

[ʊ]

high back vowel rounded: "book, put, sugar, would"

[ɔ]

low-mid, back vowel: rounded: "taught, prawn, frog"

[ɑ]

low back vowel: "mop, common, stop"

DIPHTHONGS

~Look at chart on p. 35 when studying these~

[aɪ]

Tongue moves from low back to high front: "high, kite"

[aʊ]

Tongue moves from low back to high back: loud, clown, sour, trousers"

[ɔɪ]

Tongue moves from mid back to high front: "toy, join, exploit, ahoy"

[oʊ]

Tongue moves from mid back to high back; lips rounded: :="flow, cone, toad, probate, bloated

[eɪ]

Tongue moves from mid front to high front: "mate capon, administrate"