Unit 5 Vocab Quiz #2

Bid rent theory

The value of land is influenced by its relationship to the market.

feedlots

confined spaces in which cattle and hogs have limited movement

Location theory

A logical attempt to explain the locational pattern of an economic activity and the manner in which its producing areas are interrelated.

Luxury crops

are not essential to human survival but have a high profit margin

Capital intensive

production processes that use a high ratio of capital to labor inputs

agribusiness

Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

Von Thunen model

an economic model that suggested a pattern for the types of products that farmers would produce at different positions relative to the market where they sold their goods

Neocolonialism

the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries

Labor intensive

production that uses a large amount of labor

Transnational Corporation

massive business, operating across borders with a home-country headquarters

Isotropic plain

flat and featureless with similar fertility and climate throughout

Fair trade movement

An effort to promote higher incomes for farmers, particularly in developing countries, and to protect workers' rights.

Factory farming

a capital-intensive livestock operation in which many animals are kept in close quarters, and bred and fed in a controlled environment

Vertical integration

the ownership of other businesses involved in the steps of producing a particular good

Economies of scale

The increase in efficiency to lower the per-unit production cost. Large scale farming is cost-effective due to lower bulk prices for farming supplies and technologies.

Commodity chain

Complex networks that connects places of production with distribution to consumers.

Carrying Capacity

the number of people that U.S farmers can support given the available resources.

Cool chains

transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip

Double cropping

planting and harvesting a crop two (or three) times per year on the same piece of land

Intercropping/Multicropping

when farmers grow two or more crops simultaneously on the same field

Monoculture

only one crop is grown or one type of animal is raised per season on a piece of land

horticulture

Cultivation of crops like fruits, vegetables and flowers carried out with simple hand tools such as digging sticks

Bid-price curve

used to determine the starting position for each land use relative to the market, as well as where each land use would end

Free market economy

supply and demand, not government policy determine the outcome of competition for land.

Comparative advantage

naturally occuring beneficial conditions, that would prompt farmers to plant crops differently from those predicted by Von Thnuen's model.

Supply chain

all the steps required to get a product or service to customers

subsidies

a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive.

infrastructure

the basic framework of a building or a system

Land cover change

the study of how land is used and the impact of changing land use

desertification

alteration of the natural vegetation in arid areas causes fertile land to become infertile

slash and burn agriculture

an early agricultural practice and type of shifting cultivation, takes place when all vegetation in an area of forest is cut down and burned in place

Local food movement

seeking out food produced nearby

Food distribution system

a network of trade and transportation that get food from farms to consumers

GMO's

Organisms that have been geneticly altered to improve their usefulnes

Urban farming

the production of farm goods within an urban area with the goal of providing locally grown food

Food processing

the transformation of agricultural products into food or taking food items and transforming them into a different type of food

Salinization

occurs when salts from water used by plants remain in the soil

Aquaculture.

the practice of raising and harvesting fish and other forms of food that live in water

Community gardens

a shared piece of land by a group for growing food/plants, serving as a form of urban agriculture that builds social capital, enhances food security promotes sustainability, and connects people to their environment and each other

Tariff

A tax on imported goods

Terrace farming

farmers build a series of steps into the side of a hill

Blue revolution

modern aquaculture, producing fish, shellfish, and other products

Vertical farms

grow crops inside in stackable trays, using greenhouses, artificial lights.

quota

A limit placed on the quantities of a product that can be imported

irrigation

A way of supplying water to an area of land

over graze

if the density of animals is greater than even expansive grasslands can support animals, resulting in damage to the grasslands

hydroponics

allows crops to grow without soil using mineral-enriched solutions

Gender inequality

the unequal opportunities, treatment, or rights of a person based on gender

Center-pivot irrigation

watering equipment rotates around a pivot and delivers specific amounts of water, fertilizer, or pesticides to the field

Organic foods

foods grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers

Community supported agriculture

A system in which consumers pay farmers in advance for a share of their yield, usually in the form of weekly deliveries of produce.

Gender specific obstacles

discriminatory practices that prevent female farmers from reaching their potential productivity

wetlands

low-lying areas that contain a significant amount of water at or near the surface

Value-added crops

occurs when farmers process their crops into high-value products, rather than simply selling it as it comes from the field

Food insecurity

when households lack access to adequate food because of limited money or other resources

Crop gap

Lack of gender equality has resulted in women producing 20-30 percent less in farms. The worst food insecurities are found in LDCs, the area where gender-specific obstacles are the most prevalent.

deforestation

the removal of large tracts of forest

food desert

a neighborhood where residents have little to no access to healthy and affordable food