Introduction to Biochemistry: Aerobic Respiration and Photosynthesis
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These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to aerobic respiration and photosynthesis discussed in the biochemistry lecture.
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70 Terms
Glycolysis
The process that transforms glucose into pyruvate, occurring in the cytoplasm before entering the mitochondrion.
Citric Acid Cycle
A series of biochemical reactions in the mitochondrion that utilize oxygen to produce ATP, CO2, and water.
Fermentation
A metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, leading to the production of lactic acid or ethanol.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
The energy molecule produced during aerobic respiration used for cellular functions.
Aerobic Respiration
The process of converting glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants and some organisms convert CO2 and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
Carbon Fixation
The process of converting inorganic CO2 into organic compounds like glucose during photosynthesis.
Prokaryotes
Simple, unicellular organisms lacking organelles, where processes like aerobic respiration occur directly on cell membranes.
Photosynthetic Organisms
Organisms that capture light energy to convert CO2 and water into glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
Ozone Formation
The creation of O3 from the interaction of O2 and ultraviolet light, protecting living organisms from UV radiation.
Glycolysis
The process that transforms glucose into pyruvate, occurring in the cytoplasm before entering the mitochondrion.
Citric Acid Cycle
A series of biochemical reactions in the mitochondrion that utilize oxygen to produce ATP, CO2, and water.
Fermentation
A metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, leading to the production of lactic acid or ethanol.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
The energy molecule produced during aerobic respiration used for cellular functions.
Aerobic Respiration
The process of converting glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants and some organisms convert CO2 and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
Carbon Fixation
The process of converting inorganic CO2 into organic compounds like glucose during photosynthesis.
Prokaryotes
Simple, unicellular organisms lacking organelles, where processes like aerobic respiration occur directly on cell membranes.
Photosynthetic Organisms
Organisms that capture light energy to convert CO2 and water into glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
Ozone Formation
The creation of O3 from the interaction of O2 and ultraviolet light, protecting living organisms from UV radiation.
What is another common name for the Citric Acid Cycle?
The Krebs Cycle.
Where specifically does the Citric Acid Cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
In the mitochondrial matrix.
Besides pyruvate, what are the net products of glycolysis?
2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules.
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
Light-dependent reactions and Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle).
What are the two common types of fermentation?
Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
Glycolysis
The process that transforms glucose into pyruvate, occurring in the cytoplasm before entering the mitochondrion.
Citric Acid Cycle
A series of biochemical reactions in the mitochondrion that utilize oxygen to produce ATP, CO2, and water.
Fermentation
A metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, leading to the production of lactic acid or ethanol.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
The energy molecule produced during aerobic respiration used for cellular functions.
Aerobic Respiration
The process of converting glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants and some organisms convert CO2 and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
Carbon Fixation
The process of converting inorganic CO2 into organic compounds like glucose during photosynthesis.
Prokaryotes
Simple, unicellular organisms lacking organelles, where processes like aerobic respiration occur directly on cell membranes.
Photosynthetic Organisms
Organisms that capture light energy to convert CO2 and water into glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
Ozone Formation
The creation of O3 from the interaction of O2 and ultraviolet light, protecting living organisms from UV radiation.
What is another common name for the Citric Acid Cycle?
The Krebs Cycle.
Where specifically does the Citric Acid Cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
In the mitochondrial matrix.
Besides pyruvate, what are the net products of glycolysis?
2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules.
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
Light-dependent reactions and Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle).
What are the two common types of fermentation?
Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
What is the primary role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water.
Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in eukaryotic cells?
In the thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts.
What is the function of NADH and FADH\text{2} in aerobic respiration?
They are electron carriers that transport high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.
How many ATP molecules are typically produced per glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
Approximately 30-32 ATP molecules.
What is the overall balanced equation for photosynthesis?
6\text{CO}2 + 6\text{H}2\text{O} + \text{Light Energy} \rightarrow \text{C}6\text{H}{12}\text{O}6 + 6\text{O}2
Glycolysis
The process that transforms glucose into pyruvate, occurring in the cytoplasm before entering the mitochondrion.
Citric Acid Cycle
A series of biochemical reactions in the mitochondrion that utilize oxygen to produce ATP, CO2, and water.
Fermentation
A metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, leading to the production of lactic acid or ethanol.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
The energy molecule produced during aerobic respiration used for cellular functions.
Aerobic Respiration
The process of converting glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants and some organisms convert CO2 and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
Carbon Fixation
The process of converting inorganic CO2 into organic compounds like glucose during photosynthesis.
Prokaryotes
Simple, unicellular organisms lacking organelles, where processes like aerobic respiration occur directly on cell membranes.
Photosynthetic Organisms
Organisms that capture light energy to convert CO2 and water into glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
Ozone Formation
The creation of O3 from the interaction of O2 and ultraviolet light, protecting living organisms from UV radiation.
What is another common name for the Citric Acid Cycle?
The Krebs Cycle.
Where specifically does the Citric Acid Cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
In the mitochondrial matrix.
Besides pyruvate, what are the net products of glycolysis?
2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules.
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
Light-dependent reactions and Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle).
What are the two common types of fermentation?
Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
What is the primary role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water.
Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in eukaryotic cells?
In the thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts.
What is the function of NADH and FADH\text{2} in aerobic respiration?
They are electron carriers that transport high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.
How many ATP molecules are typically produced per glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
Approximately 30-32 ATP molecules.
What is the overall balanced equation for photosynthesis?
6\text{CO}2 + 6\text{H}2\text{O} + \text{Light Energy} \rightarrow \text{C}6\text{H}{12}\text{O}6 + 6\text{O}2
What is the main purpose of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in aerobic respiration?
To create a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
Where do the light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) of photosynthesis take place?
In the stroma of the chloroplast.
What is the primary pigment that absorbs light energy during photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll.
What molecule is regenerated during fermentation that allows glycolysis to continue?
NAD^+ (from NADH).
What is the overall goal of cellular respiration?
To convert the chemical energy in glucose into a usable form of energy (ATP) for cellular activities.
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