Japan 201 Midterm

Lessons 13-15 (Can-do #1-20)

Potential Verbs

Verbs that express the ability to do something.

Potential る Verbs

Verbs that form potential by dropping the final る and adding られる (e.g., 食べる → 食べられる).

Potential う Verbs

Verbs that form potential by dropping the final う and adding える (e.g., 買う → 買える).

Potential Irregular Verbs

Verbs that have unique potential forms (e.g., 来る → 来られる, する → できる).

Particles for Potential Verbs

Potential verbs can use both を and が, with exceptions for できる and のぼる.

なら

A particle that expresses contrast or limitation

〜し

A conjunction used for listing reasons

な-adjectives with し

Adjectives that take on a だ before the し (e.g., 好きだし).

Frequency Expression

Describes frequency using the (period)に(frequency) format

〜そうです

A form added to adjectives to express appearance bearing resemblance

てみる

A structure expressing the idea of trying something

ほしい

An adjective expressing desires, limited to the first person

ほしがる

A verb form expressing someone else's desires

てあげる

Describes doing something for someone else

たらどうですか

A structure for giving advice

かもしれません

Expresses possibility

Number + も

Structure to express quantities as significant amounts, “as much as”

Volitional Form

A casual form to suggest plans (e.g., 食べよう).

Volitional + と思っています

Used to express resolutions/intentions that have already been decided on

って何

A phrase used to ask for clarification

〜ておく

Describes an action performed in preparation

てくれる

Describes someone doing something for you, an expression of gratitude towards the giver

てもらう

Describes receiving something from somebody as a persuasion, arrangement, or favor

Volitional + と思います

Used to express resolutions/intentions made on the spot

Number + しか + neg

Structures to express quantities as insignificant, “as few as” or “only”