APUSH unit 6 test review chapters 17-20

vertical integration

a system where a business controls all means of production including the supply chain and stages of production

horizontal integration

a system where a company merges with other companies in the same industry

homestead lockout

strike against the Carnegie Steel Company that led to the deaths of workers and the hiring of private guards

scientific management

a system that favors maximum productivity and used to improve efficiency

chinese exclusion act

law that banned Chinese laborers from coming to the US

Eugene V Debs

founder of the American Railway Union

Henry George

Author who wrote Progress and Poverty that suggested that industrialization would lead to permanent poverty

Greenback Labor Party

political movement that advanced for the regulation of labor and corporations by producing more money

Granger laws

regulatory laws that regulated railroads and insurance

Knights of Labor

labor union that advocated for a cooperative common wealth

Terrance Powderly

The Knight’s leader who encouraged self discipline and warned against alcoholism

Leonora Barry

Organizer who worked to expose the working conditions in factories and sexual harassment

Haymarket Square

protest by anarchists that turned violent and killed multiple police officers

Farmer’s Alliance

rural movement that addressed the same issues as Greenbackers and Grangers

Interstate Commerce Act

law that forced railroad rates to be public and allowed for lawsuits for unreasonable prices

American Federation of Labor

labor union that advocated for greater benefits for workers rather than political power

Samuel Gompers

leader of the American Federation of Labor who criticized the Knight’s reliance on politics

mutual aid society

an organization where people of a certain area gathered funds to support people who died or were disabled from their job

race riot

attacks by white mobs on African Americans

Scott Joplin

African American composer who was known for ragtime music

yellow journalism

term used to describe mass-market newspaper that used heavy sensationalism

muckrakers

journalists who exposed corruption and other negative parts of American life

political machines

local parties that held extremely strong influence in public officers

Jane Addams

Reformer who founded the Hull House to help the community

Tom Johnson

Mayor of Cleveland who worked on reformation projects and advocated for publicly owned utilities

National Municipal League

organization that oriented business oriented models to combat government corruption

progressivism

movement that focuses don reform and stopping political corruption

Jacob Riis

journalist and photographer who worked to expose the living conditions of tenements in How the Other Half Lives

city beautiful

movement that advocated for better urban outdoor spaces to make cities more aesthetic

social settlement

a welfare center that helped the poor through advocation and funds

Hull Hosue

social settlement that helped immigrants

Margaret Sanger

a nurse who publicly promoted birth control in her newspaper “What Every Girl Should Know”

Upton Sinclair

muckraker who exposed the meat packing industry in his novel the Jungle

Pure Food and Drug Act

law that created the FDA to protect consumers from unsafe products

National Consumer’s League

organization that helped increase wages and improve working conditions for women

Women’s Trade Union League

labor organization that trained working class leaders to organize unions for garment workers

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

fire in a New York factory that killed many garment workers because of the lack of fire codes

Florence Kelly

reformer who helped lead the NCL and helped the organization grow tremendously

“Waving the bloody shirt”

political strategy that appealed to voters through war loyalties from the Civil War

Gilded Age

period in US history where America seemed prosperous but it was really filled with political corruption, poverty, and pollution

Pendleton Act (1883)

Act that made federal positions merit-based

Mugwumps

Liberal Republicans who refused to support the Republican nominee, James Blaine and instead supported the Democratic nominee Grover Cleveland

Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)

federal law that prohibits business practices that restrict trade and competition

Lodge Bill

bill that proposed when 100 citizens appealed for intervention, a bipartisan federal board can investigate to find the rightful winner

Omaha Platform

document that outlined the goals of the Populist Party

Williams v Mississippi (1898)

Supreme Court case that upheld poll taxes and literacy tests which limited voting rights for African Americans

Solid South

control of the South by the Democratic party

William Jennings Bryan

Democratic nominee who advocated for farmers and supposed the free silver policy

Lochner v New York (1905)

Supreme court case that ruled bakers’ workday could not be limited to 10 hours because it violated their rights to make contracts

Newlands Reclamation Act (1902)

sold public land to invest in irrigation projects to promote agriculture in arid areas

Theodore Roosevelt

US President who worked on reform against corporate power and environmental reform

William Howard Taft

Republican President who revered Roosevelt’s policies

Wisconsin Idea

idea that the government should have greater intervention in the economy

National Child Labor Committee

organization that exposed the conditions of child labor and pushed for child labor laws

Muller v Oregon

Supreme Court case that enforced Oregon law that said women could only work for 10 hours a day

WEB Du Bois

sociologist who was a civil rights advocate and advocated for a talented tenth

talented tenth

the top 10% of educated African Americans who were called by Du Bois to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights

Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

organization that fought for racial justice and equality

Industrial Workers of the World

labor union that worked to organize workers under one union to strike and overthrow capitalism

Mary E Lease

advocate for the suffrage movement who was a leader for the Populist party

Federal Reserve Act

United States banking system that regulated the flow of money and credit

Clayton Antitrust Act

law that amended the Sherman Antitrust Act to strengthen the definition of a monopoly to break up more monopolies

Ida B Wells

African American journalist who investigated and fought against lynching and fought for women’s suffrage

Plessy v Ferguson

Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation laws as long as accommodations were “separate but equal”

Young Men’s Christian Association

organization that promoted fitness and health

John Muir

conversationalist who advocated for the creation of national parks and founded the Sierra Club

Brooker T Washington

educator who promoted self help and encouraged industrial education for African Americans

Atlanta Compromise

address by Brooker T Washington that stated Black Americans should focus on economic development and accept racial segregation also asking whites to help

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

organization that fought against domestic violence and alcoholism

Frances Willard

leader of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union who worked towards stopping alcoholism and fighting for women’s rights

National Association of Colored Women

organization that advocated for temperance, public health, and care for orphans and the elderly

National American Woman Suffrage Association

organization that fought for women’s rights to vote

Social Darwinism

theory that certain people can become extremely successful if they were “naturally selected”

American Protective Association

Nativist organization that opposed Catholics

Social Gospel

Protestant Christian Movement that aimed to renew faith through social welfare and justice

fundamentalism

movement based on the belief of the fundamental truth in the Bible