1. Hygiene as a main prophylactic medical science – subject, aim, tasks, branches, methods.

What is hygiene?

• A medical science focused on disease prevention and health promotion

• by studying the relationship between the environment and humans.

What is the origin of the term “hygiene”?

Derived from Hygeia, the Greek goddess of health.

What is the aim of hygiene?

• To study environmental and occupational factors affecting health

• to develop standards that preserve

• to improve human health and working capacity.

Name 4 main tasks of hygiene.

1. Assess environmental and living conditions

2. Examine learning, work, and nutrition

3. Develop health-related norms and standards

4. Promote adaptation and health (e.g., nutrition, physical fitness)

What are the physical environmental factors assessed in hygiene?

Barometric pressure, air temperature, noise, and vibration.

What are the chemical environmental factors?

Chemical substances in air, water, and soil.

List 3 additional environmental factors assessed in hygiene.

Biological agents, ergonomic issues, psycho-social factors.

What are the main branches of hygiene?

• General hygiene

• Community hygiene

• Nutrition hygiene

• Occupational medicine

• Childhood and adolescent hygiene

• Ionizing radiation hygiene

What is the focus of general hygiene?

Provides theoretical/practical knowledge for recognizing and solving hygienic problems.

What does community hygiene study?

Hygiene of air, water, soil, noise pollution, public settlements, and personal hygiene.

What is the focus of nutrition hygiene?

Energy balance, nutrient intake, food safety, and hygienic control of food production.

What does occupational medicine examine?

Effects of environmental work factors like noise, stress, chemicals, and ergonomic issues.

What is the focus of childhood and adolescent hygiene?

Growth, school adjustment, building standards, nutrition, and common pediatric conditions.

What is ionizing radiation hygiene concerned with?

Pollution sources, external exposure protection, and safe use of radiation devices.

What are the common scientific methods used in hygiene?

Description, observation, experiments, modeling.

Name methods in hygiene that assess the environmental subsystem.

Physical, chemical, and biological methods.

What methods are aimed at studying humans in hygiene?

Medical, physiological, biochemical, biophysical, and epidemiological research.

What are the specific methods of hygiene?

Hygienic descriptions, investigations, and complex hygienic methods.

What are additional methods used in hygiene research?

Epidemiological and statistical methods.