Polyatomic Ions and the Octet Rule

Flashcards covering key concepts related to polyatomic ions, the octet rule, and the properties of ionic compounds.

Polyatomic Ion

An ion formed from two or more atoms.

Ammonium Ion

A cation with the formula $NH_4+$.

Carbonate Ion

An anion with the formula $CO_3^2-$.

Octet Rule

Atoms gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve eight valence electrons.

Hydronium Ion

Cation with the formula $H_3O+$.

Hydroxide Ion

An anion with the formula $OH-$.

Noble Gases

Group 8A elements that are inert and do not easily gain or lose electrons.

Electron Dot Structures

Diagrams that represent the valence electrons in an atom.

Dihydrogen Phosphate Ion

An anion with the formula $H<em>2PO</em>4-$.

Nitrate Ion

An anion with the formula $NO_3-$.

Cyanide Ion

An anion with the formula $CN-$.

Hydrogen Sulfate Ion

An anion with the formula $HSO_4-$.

Acetate Ion

An anion with the formula $CH<em>3CO</em>2-$.

Ion Formation

Occurs when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Chemical Change

A process where atoms in an element or compound combine to form a new compound.

Ionic Compounds

Compounds formed by the electrostatic attraction between ions.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, crucial for forming bonds.

Charge Imbalance

The cause of the charge of an ion, due to unequal numbers of protons and electrons.

Oxide Ion

An anion with the formula $O^2-$.

Magnesium Ion

A cation with the formula $Mg^2+$.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

Ionic Bond

The electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Sulfate Ion

An anion with the formula $SO_4^2-$.

Phosphate Ion

An anion with the formula $PO_4^3-$.

Permanganate Ion

An anion with the formula $MnO_4-$.