Polyatomic Ions and the Octet Rule

Flashcards covering key concepts related to polyatomic ions, the octet rule, and the properties of ionic compounds.

Polyatomic Ion

An ion formed from two or more atoms.

Ammonium Ion

A cation with the formula NH_4+.

Carbonate Ion

An anion with the formula CO_3^2-.

Octet Rule

Atoms gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve eight valence electrons.

Hydronium Ion

Cation with the formula H_3O+.

Hydroxide Ion

An anion with the formula OH-.

Noble Gases

Group 8A elements that are inert and do not easily gain or lose electrons.

Electron Dot Structures

Diagrams that represent the valence electrons in an atom.

Dihydrogen Phosphate Ion

An anion with the formula H2PO4-.

Nitrate Ion

An anion with the formula NO_3-.

Cyanide Ion

An anion with the formula CN-.

Hydrogen Sulfate Ion

An anion with the formula HSO_4-.

Acetate Ion

An anion with the formula CH3CO2-.

Ion Formation

Occurs when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Chemical Change

A process where atoms in an element or compound combine to form a new compound.

Ionic Compounds

Compounds formed by the electrostatic attraction between ions.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, crucial for forming bonds.

Charge Imbalance

The cause of the charge of an ion, due to unequal numbers of protons and electrons.

Oxide Ion

An anion with the formula O^2-.

Magnesium Ion

A cation with the formula Mg^2+.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

Ionic Bond

The electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Sulfate Ion

An anion with the formula SO_4^2-.

Phosphate Ion

An anion with the formula PO_4^3-.

Permanganate Ion

An anion with the formula MnO_4-.