Studied by 2 people
What is cybercrime?
crime committed using a computer or a network
What are four common types of email scams?
Phishing
Trojan horse (malware)
Fraudulent requests for money
Virus generated email
What is phishing?
An email that tricks you into handing over personal information (login details, bank details...)
What to look out for in a phishing email
The greeting is not personalised, poor spelling and grammar, sense of urgency, the sender's address is often a variation on a genuine address, request for personal information, forged link
What is Trojan horse and malware?
Send you something you want to look at like a funny video but is actually a virud
What is an advanced fee fraud?
A plea for help where they ask for money and in return you'll get millions of pounds
What is a virus generated email?
Will appear to be sent from a friend, that's friends email will have been infected by a virus
What is the computer misuse act of 1990
It's illegal to look at or modify someone else's files without permission
Define hacking
Hacking is illegally accessing or modifying computer files without permission
What are white hat hackers?
They are legal people who check for faults
Who are black hat hackers?
They are hackers with criminal interest
How do hackers do it?
Exposing security holes in websites to access information
Taking advantage of obvious/common usernames and passwords
Tricking people into downloading malware onto their computer, which in turn gives the hacker access to view and modify your files
What is malware?
software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems.
What is a logic bomb?
A logic bomb tells the computer to execute a set of instructions at a certain date and time or under certain specified conditions
What is ransomware?
Ransomware is software illegally installed on a computer so that the user cannot access their files until a ransom is paid
What are 3 common types of malware?
Browser functions
File infector
Macro virus
Can people legally hold info about you?
No
How long does copy right last?
life of author plus 70 years
What is plagiarism
the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.
What is phishing?
An attempt to trick someone into revealing his/her user name and password or other personal details.
How can phishing be prevented?
give no one your personal information and click on no links via sms
What is a brute force attack?
In a brute-force attack, an attacker simply tries to guess every possible combination for a password.
How can brute force attacks be prevented?
use strong and difficult to guess passwords.
What is malware?
software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems.
What is malware short for?
malicious software
What is a DDoS attack?
A distributed denial of service attack is typically carried out by a botnet consisting of thousands of infected (zombie) computers which simultaneously send traffic to the targeted site.
What does DDoS attack stand for?
Distributed Denial of Service Attack
What is ransomware?
a type of malicious software designed to block access to a computer system until a sum of money is paid.
What is adware?
Software installed on a computer that produces pop-up ads using your browser; the ads are often based on your browsing habits.
Can adware be prevented?
No, it usually isnt harmful and will only annoy the user or slow down the computer
What is data interception?
Where data is intercepted during transmission. This is done using software called a packet sniffer, which examines data packets as they are sent around a network, or across the internet. The information gathered is sent back to a hacker.
What is a white hat hacker?
White hat hackers are non-malicious computer security experts that test the security measures of an organization's information systems to ensure they are protected against malicious intrusions.
what is a black hat hacker
Attackers who violated computer security for personal gain or to inflict malicious damage
What is SQL injection?
technique to manipulate a back-end database and retrieve information that was unauthorized
how can data interception be prevented?
Encryption
How can a DDoS attack be prevented?
firewalls
How can ransomware be prevented?
anti malware software
what is penetration testing
The process of attempting to gain access to resources without knowledge of usernames, passwords and other normal means of access
Algorithm
A series of steps designed to solve a mathematical or other problem
Instructions
A set of commands that a processor can recognise and act upon
Program
A stored set of instructions for a computer to execute
Software
The programs that run on a computer
Application
Software designed to carry out a useful real-world task
Platform
A combination of hardware and operating system that supports the running of particular applications
Programming language
A way of writing instructions for a computer to execute
Machine code
Instructions in binary used by the CPU
Low-level language
A programming language that is directed at controlling each machine operation
High-level language
A programming language that resembles a natural language. Each instruction translates to many machine instructions. it is problem based rather than machine based
Software engineering
Formal methods to guide the writing of software
Interface
The boundary between systems or between systems and humans
Compiler
Translation software that converts high-level source code into machine (object) code
Interpreter
Translation software that converts source code or user input into machine code which is immediately executed one instruction at a time.
Linker
Software that combines together a number of separate object code files
Debugger
Software that helps a programmer track down faults in a program
Operating system
The software that controls the hardware. It acts as an interface between the user and the hardware and also between the applications and the hardware
Self-booting
The ability of a program to load itself. Some small devices load their applications directly without the need for a conventional operating system
Web server
A server that handles requests to a website
Kernel
The lowest level of an operating system that controls the hardware
Process
A program currently being executed
Command Line
The place where types commands are given to the operating system
User interface
The boundary between the computer and the user
Graphical user interface
A user interface that makes use of icons for interacting with the user
Icon
A picture on screen that represents a file, program or an action
Shell
Software that provides a traditional text based interface to an operating system
Device driver
A program that enables communication between a computer and a periphral
Interrupt
A signal to the operating system to stop what it is doing and perform a different task instead
Applet
A small application that performs one specific task
Embedded system
A computer system that forms part of an electronic device
Firmware
Software that is stored permanently in a device, such as control programs for devices
Client
Software or hardware that request services from a server
Server
Software that provides services to a client, or the hardware that is running it
Utility
A small program designed to carry out a limited maintenance task
Virus detection
The process of discovering possibly harmful viruses in a computer system
Spyware
Malicious software that detects what a user is doing and sends the details back to the originator
Trojan
Harmful software that is disguised as something useful
Firewall
Software and/or hardware that limits access to and from a computer system
Disk Organisation
The process of arranging files and data bytes on a secondary storage device
Defragmentor
A utility that brings together file fragments on a disk and collects all the free space in one area
Editor
Software used for entering source code when writing a program
Pretty printer
An editor that automatically sets out program code in an easy to read way
Assembly language
A low-level programming language that uses more memorable mnemonic codes and labels to represent machine-level code. Each instruction corresponds to just one machine operation
Assembler
Software that translates assembly language code into machine code
Off the shelf
Software that is aimed at many users and is sold 'as is'
Custom written
Software developed specially for one or a few customers
Decimal to Binary
Divide by two and keep remainders to form binary (read from bottom up)
Decimal to Hex
Divide by 16 to get remainders (read from bottom up)
Binary addition
Normal addition form
1+0=1 1+1=0 (carry 1) 1+1+1=1 (carry one)
Make 8 bits by deleting first extra digit(s)
Binary subtraction
Same as addition, but make sure the binary is negative numbers
Binary multiplication
Find first number in binary
Add designated zeros (2- 1 zero, 4- 2 zeros, 8- 3 zeros)
Make it 8 bits by deleting first digits
Binary division
Find first number in binary
Get rid of designated number of digits on the right
Make 8 bits by adding 0's to the left ( if dividing by negative, add ones to the left)
What 2 digits does binary consist of?
1 and 0 (base 2)
What is a bit?
Short for a binary digit, it is the smallest unit if data a computer can hold.
What is a nibble?
4 bits.
What is a byte?
8 bits.
What is the largest denary number you can represent with 8 bits in binary?
255
what numbers can be represented in binary? (up to a byte)
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128
What is 0001 in denary?
1
what is 1111 in denary?
15
what is 7 in binary?
0111
What is 21 in binary?
00010101
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