Psych Sociocultural approach

Social Identity Theory (P1 key terms)

• social categorisation → in-group/out-group } group membership

• social groups → unity + social identity

• 4 main concepts

  1. Social categorisation

  2. Social identification

  3. Social comparison

  4. Positive distinctiveness

Social Cognitive Theory (P1 Key Terms)

• Learning occuring through observation, modelling, reinforcement.

• Actively process > responding to stimuli

• 4 key mediational processes;

  1. Attention

  2. Retention

  3. Motivation

     1. Identification

  4. Reproduction

     1. Self efficacy

Stereotypes (P1 Key Terms)

• stereotypes = beliefs → positive or negative (prejudice)(discrimination)

• Form through social categorization

• Results in = outgroup homogenity, exaggeration of differences

• SIT → self-esteem threat = positive distinctiveness (reinforcing stereotypes)

• Stereotype threat

Cultural Dimensions (P1 Key Terms)

• Culture = shared values, etc. → Can be deep vs. surface.

• Values are unique to a cutlure → cultural dimensions are frameworks describing values influecing behaviour

  • ex. power distance

Cultures Influence on behaviour and/or cognition (P1 Key Terms)

• Culture = shared values, etc. → Can be deep vs. surface.

• A component affecting behaviours culture is its values, measured through cultural dimensions

• Cultural dimensions are frameworks describing values influecing behaviour

  • ex. power distance

Enculturation (P1 Key Tems)

• Enculturation is the process through which individuals learn the behaviors, norms, and values of their culture

  • how acquire skills to function within social group

• Occurs through SCT (observation, formal instruction, or personal experiences) } cultural continuity / transmission

• Cultural transmission = values, norms, + skills passed down to younger generations. 

• Gatekeeper theory

Acculturation (P1 Key Tems)

• Acculturation: Change in behavior and characteristics due to contact between different cultures.

  Acculturative Stress: Psychological challenges, often known as culture shock, arise during acculturation.

  Berry’s Four Acculturation Strategies:

  • Assimilation: Adopting the new culture, disregarding the original.

  • Integration: Maintaining original culture while engaging with the new.

  • Separation: Rejecting the new culture, preserving the original.

  • Marginalization: Rejecting both cultures, leading to isolation.

  Integration leads to the lowest stress, while marginalization results in the highest stress.