Social PAT Review

Democracy

Government by the people, either directly or through elected representatives.

Federal System

Divides powers between national and provincial governments.

Executive Branch

Enforces laws (Prime Minister, Cabinet, Governor General).

Legislative Branch

Makes laws (Parliament - House of Commons and Senate).

Judicial Branch

Interprets laws (courts).

Constitution

Supreme law of the land; sets government structure.

Constitutional Monarchy

Monarch is head of state, power limited by constitution.

Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA)

Applies to 12–17-year-olds, focuses on rehabilitation.

Rights of the Accused

Legal protections (e.g., right to lawyer, fair trial).

Fairness vs. Equality

Fair = Just outcome; Equal = Same treatment.

Market Economy

Businesses make decisions, minimal government.

Planned Economy

Government controls economy.

Mixed Economy

Combines both market and planned systems.

Consumer Sovereignty

Consumers control production with choices.

Taxation

The system or method by which taxes are collected.

Surplus/Deficit

Extra or shortfall in government budget.

Progressive Tax

Higher income = more tax.

Consumer Rights

Rights related to safety, information, choice, and voice.

Boycott

Refusal to buy goods or services.

Categories of Immigrants

Economic, Family, and Refugee immigrants.

Push/Pull Factors

Reasons for leaving or joining a country.

Cultural Mosaic

Diverse cultures co-existing.

Foreign Aid

Helping other countries with money/services.

Peacekeeping

Military support for peace/conflict zones.

Global Citizenship

Responsibility to the global community.