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nursing fundamentals
A national network of services that provides coordinated aid and medical assistance from primary response to definitive care
emergency medical services (EMS) is obtained
process of classifying a group of patients according to the severity of injury and need of care is called
Triage.
basic emergency procedure for life support
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
legal protection for those who give first aid in an emergency situation
Good Samaritan laws
An immediate life-threatening situation of the highest priority
abnormal circulation
An immediate or life threatening situation is when there is an (2)
absent or abnormal pulse
While seeking help, continue the primary survey by assessing the patient’s what?
circulation, airway, and breath-ing (CAB)
What maneuver should be used to ensure the victim’s airway is open?
head-tilt/chin-tilt maneuver unless you believe them to have a neck injury
What maneuver should be used if you suspect the victim has a cervical spine injury?
Jaw-thrust maneuver
What signs may indicate a potential head or spinal cord injury?
decrease the level of consciousness
abnormal pupil reaction,
lack of movement in the arms or the legs
what are the two purposes of CPR?
1. To keep the blood circulating and carrying oxygen to the brain, the heart, and other parts of the body
2. To keep the airway open, and the lungs supplied with oxygen when breathing has stopped
The state in which vital functions, such as heartbeat and respiration, have ceased is referred to as?
Clinical death
the irreversible loss of all organ function in the body, including the brain
the irreversible damage to body cells due to prolonged lack of oxygen is called?
Biological death
what is the first organ damaged by a lack of oxygen?
The brain
Clinical death may be reversed if CPR is started within how many minutes of cardiopulmonary arrest?
4 minuets
Brain death most likely occurs within how many minutes if CPR isn’t initiated?
10 minuets
An irreversible form of unconsciousness characterized by a complete loss of brain stem function while the heart may continue to beat.
Brain death
brain death is sometimes referred to as
Irreversible coma
What is the initial assessment task in determining the need for CPR?
determine responsiveness
(shake and ask “are you okay?”)
For the most successful treatment of cardiac arrest, CPR and the use of an AED should be initiated within the first 3 to 5 minutes
First aid is the immediate, initial assistance given to a person who is injured or has become ill.
Which assessment is the highest priority when caring for multiple victims after a motor vehicle accident?
Orientation
Spinal cord injury
Musculoskeletal injuries
Absent or abnormal pulse
Absent or abnormal pulse
Absent or abnormal pulse
Assessment of life-threatening problems is the priority in an emergency situation. An immediate life-threatening situation of highest priority is abnormal circulation; an absent or abnormal pulse.
Wrong answer rational
Orientation
Assessing a victim’s orientation should be done after assessing for life-threatening injuries. A decreasing level of consciousness, abnormal pupil reaction, and lack of movement in the arms or the legs are indicative of a possible injury to the head or spinal cord.
Spinal cord injury
After the initial assessment for life-threatening problems, assess the victim for indications of skull injury and brain or spinal cord damage, all of which necessitate immediate interventions.
Musculoskeletal injuries
Assessment of musculoskeletal injuries is not the first assessment the nurse would complete.
The absence of a pulse confirms the presence of (sud-den cessation of functional circulation).
cardiac arrest
Complications of external chest compressions in-clude lacerated liver, fractured ribs, and fractured ster-num, as well as bruising or bleeding of the liver, the lungs, and the spleen
The rescuer at the victim’s head is referred to
as the?
ventilator
the rescuer at the victim’s chest is referred to as the
compressor
In two-rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation who determines responsiveness
the ventilator
Who assesses for pulseslessness
the ventilator
If the victim has a pulse, the ventila-tor should initiate rescue breathing at a rate of one breath every 6 to 8 seconds, or 8 to 10 times/min,
If the victim has a pulse, the ventila-tor should initiate rescue breathing at a rate of one breath every 6 to 8 seconds, or 8 to 10 times/min,
what is the compression rate for 2 person CPR
The compression rate for two-person CPR is at least 100 per minute.
what is the compression rate for 1 person CPR
The rescuers should switch positions every ____ cycles of 2 minutes to continue effective CPR.
5
(The switch is initiated by the rescuer performing chest compressions at the end of a 30:2 sequence.)
For the purpose of basic life support, an infant is defined as anyone younger than
1 year of age,
a child is defined as anyone between age
1 year and puberty
Check for circulation by assessing the pulse on the carotid artery in a child and the brachial artery in an infant.
Note 
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