WHAP 2.1-2.3 Vocab

Mongol Empire

Empire led by Mongols that united Asia in the 14th century

Magnetic compass

aided in improving navigation for land and sea based merchants

Rudder

allowed for better control of naval vessels

Junk 

multiple sailed vessels that allowed for larger cargo hauls 

Kashgar

city in West China at an intersection of the N. and S. Silk Roads 

Samarkand

city at roughly the midpoint of S. Silk Road

Caravanserai

Inns, 100 miles apart on the Silk roads, caravan palaces

Money Economy

economy that relies on objects of agreed value to simplify exchange

Flying Cash 

System of credit where people could withdraw their money from a different location through their name and verification 

Paper money

lighter than metal money, but valued based on common understanding

Banking houses

Sites where money could be deposited and withdrawn later, stabilizes the economy

Bill of exchange

document used to record withdrawals and deposits in banking houses

Hanseatic league 

network of cities in N. Europe that distributed goods from the N. Silk roads into Europe 

Gobi Desert 

E. Asian desert where Mongol culture developed 

Khan

King/monarch of Mongolian

Kuriltai

A meeting of Mongol chiefs

Genghis Khan

King of Kings

Siege Weapons

weapons used to attack fortifies locations like movable tower to go over walls or catapults to destroy walls.

Pax Mongolica 

Mongolian peace, period of peace after Mongol conquest 

Batu

Grandson of GK responsible for conquest of E. Europe

Golden Horde

Batu’s army of Mongolian state that controlled E. Europe

Moscow

City-state in E. Europe that coordinated the overthrow of the Golden Horde

Hulegu

Grandson for GK, who conquered Middle East

Ilkhante

Mongol state in Middle East, adopted Islam 

Kublai Khan

Grandson of GK, conquered of Song CN

Yuan Dynasty

Mongol state in E. Asia adopted CN culture and customs but was tolerance

White Lotus Society

Organization that orchestrated the overthrow of the Yuan Dynasty

Zhu Yuanzhang

Buddhist who lead the overthrow of the Yuan Dynasty

Ming Dynasty 

Dynasty that succeed Yuan, extremely CN 

Bubonic Plague

plague from central Asia that spread along the Silk Road

Cannon

Big gun

Indian Ocean Basin

Depression in Earth’s crust filled with the Indian Ocean

Calicut

thriving center of trade due to interactions with merchants on IOTR

Spice Island 

islands that grew fragrant nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, and cardamon 

Indian Ocean slave trade

the exchange of people and their culture in the Indian Ocean who were used for coerced labor

Monsoon Winds

Predictable, seasonal winds allowed consistent planning

Lateen Sails

Triangular sails that caught the wind very effectively

Rudder (2)

Allowed for far more effective maneuverability in boats

Astrolabe 

allows the tracking of star patterns, allows determine of proxy to equator 

Malacca (Melaka)

City in Indian ocean that taxed traders

Diaspora

Settlements of people away from their homeland

Gujarat

Indian Rajput kingdom that connected the E. and W. of Eurasia

Swahili City-states

East African city-states, “coasters” introduced African goods into IOTR

Zheng He 

Muslim Eunuch Admiral who traveled long the IOTR who collected tribute for the early Ming dynasty